Abstract — Autonomy is a special structural and functional state of an embryo, reflecting its ability for self-regulation and independence from the adjacent tissues. Full autonomy is the ability to accomplish normal embryogenesis outside the maternal organism. In this regard, relative autonomy is of special interest. This is one of the critical stages of embryogenesis, when an immature embryo becomes independent of some physiological factors, in particular, hormones (mainly auxins, cytokinins, and ABA) of a maternal organism. The review surveys the literary and authors’ original data on this phenomenon by examples of cereals as compared with other families of flowering plants. Identification of the relative embryonic autonomy as a critical stage in embryo culture in vitro, along with morphological, histological, and physiological statuses of the relatively autonomous embryos, is considered. Prospects of solving basic problems of autonomy of plants embryogenesis and and its biotechnological application autonomy are discussed.

中文翻译：

---

处于胚胎发生相对自主性关键阶段的开花植物的胚胎（以谷物为例）

摘要——自主性是胚胎的一种特殊的结构和功能状态，反映了其自我调节和独立于邻近组织的能力。完全自主是在母体有机体之外完成正常胚胎发生的能力。在这方面，相对自治具有特殊意义。这是胚胎发生的关键阶段之一，此时未成熟的胚胎变得独立于某些生理因素，特别是母体生物的激素（主要是生长素、细胞分裂素和 ABA）。该评论通过谷物与其他开花植物科的比较来调查文学和作者关于这一现象的原始数据。将相对胚胎自主性确定为体外胚胎培养的关键阶段，以及形态学、组织学、考虑了相对自主胚胎的生理状态。讨论了解决植物胚胎发生自主性及其生物技术应用自主性基本问题的前景。