Abstract

Processes and products of ion exchange of günterblassite (K,Ca,Ba,Na)_3–xFe_1–y[(Si,Al)₁₃O₂₅(OH,O)₄]·7H₂O (microporous silicate, structurally intermediate between smectites and zeolites) and three samples of zeolite gmelinite (Na,K,Ca,Mg)_x[(Si,Al)₁₂O₂₄)·nH₂O of different composition with cations of various metals were studied. It was shown that günterblassite exhibits high activity and sorption capacity with respect to Rb⁺, Cs⁺, Ag⁺ cations and, to a lesser extent, Pb²⁺ and Ba²⁺: even at room temperature for 1 h, the concentration of M₂O (M = Rb, Cs, Ag) in the sorbent reaches 10–13 wt %. The ion exchange in gmelinite occurs according to the frontal mechanism, propagating from the periphery of the crystal to its center. In reactions with Pb²⁺, the activity of gmelinite increases with a rise in its sodium content and decreases with a rise in potassium content. The crystal structure of Pb-substituted gmelinite was studied and it was shown that Pb²⁺ ions populate both zeolite channels. Synthetic gmelinite obtained from cheap natural raw materials and fly ash from thermal power plants can be used to purify water from lead.

中文翻译：

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用于水净化的微孔材料原型的褐铁矿和辉绿岩的离子交换特性

摘要

硅酸铜（K，Ca，Ba，Na）_{3– x} Fe _{1– y} [（Si，Al）₁₃ O ₂₅（OH，O）₄ ]·7H ₂ O（微孔硅酸盐，结构上为中间产物）的离子交换过程和产物研究了蒙脱石和沸石之间的关系，并研究了三种沸石钠沸石（Na，K，Ca，Mg）_x [（Si，Al）₁₂ O ₂₄）· n H ₂ O与各种金属阳离子的样品。结果表明，金缕梅对Rb ⁺，Cs ⁺，Ag ⁺具有较高的活性和吸附能力。阳离子和少量Pb ²⁺和Ba ²⁺：即使在室温下放置1 h，吸附剂中M ₂ O的浓度（M = Rb，Cs，Ag）也达到10-13 wt％。钠斜晶石中的离子交换是根据正面机制发生的，从晶体的外围传播到其中心。在与Pb ^2+的反应中，钠菱沸石的活性随其钠含量的增加而增加，而随钾含量的增加而降低。研究了Pb取代的斜长方沸石的晶体结构，结果表明Pb ²⁺离子遍布两个沸石通道。从廉价的天然原料中获得的合成钠水长石和来自火力发电厂的粉煤灰可用于净化铅中的水。