Tumors exhibit genetic and phenotypic diversity leading to intra-tumor heterogeneity (ITH). Further complex ecosystem (stromal and immune cells) of tumors contributes into the ITH. This ITH allows tumors to overcome various selection pressures such as anti-cancer therapies and metastasis at distant organs. Single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) has provided unprecedented insights into ITH and its implications in drug resistance and metastasis. As scRNA-seq technology grows and provides many new findings, new tools on different programming platforms are frequently generated. Here, we aim to provide a framework and guidelines for new entrants into the field of scRNA-seq. In this review, we discuss the current state-of-art of scRNA-seq analysis step-by-step including filtering, normalization and analysis. First, we discuss the brief history of experimental methods, followed by data processing and implications in precision oncology.

中文翻译：

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用于精准肿瘤学的单细胞 RNA 测序：当前最先进技术


肿瘤表现出遗传和表型多样性，导致肿瘤内异质性（ITH）。肿瘤的更复杂的生态系统（基质细胞和免疫细胞）也促成了 ITH。这种 ITH 使肿瘤能够克服各种选择压力，例如抗癌治疗和远处器官转移。单细胞 RNA 序列 (scRNA-seq) 为 ITH 及其对耐药性和转移的影响提供了前所未有的见解。随着 scRNA-seq 技术的发展并提供许多新发现，不同编程平台上的新工具经常产生。在这里，我们的目标是为 scRNA-seq 领域的新进入者提供框架和指南。在这篇综述中，我们逐步讨论 scRNA-seq 分析的最新技术，包括过滤、标准化和分析。首先，我们讨论实验方法的简史，然后讨论数据处理和精准肿瘤学的影响。