Underwater acoustic sensor network (UASN) is a vast network, in which the neighborhood of a transmitting node consists of many operating sensor nodes. By considering this as an advantage, we propose a hybrid automatic repeat request scheme for incremental cooperative communication (HARQ-INCC) in UASNs. The proposed scheme utilizes neighborhood sensor nodes during the instance of packet retransmission. It combines HARQ scheme with incremental cooperative communication; to enhance reliability and to optimize the energy efficiency. In this article, we present an analytical model to calculate the energy efficiency in UASNs for deep and shallow water scenarios, by examining the influence of acoustic fading, ambient noises and underwater channel characteristics. The analytical results show that HARQ-INCC outperforms the existing techniques for considerable distances between the source and destination nodes. We further propose an optimization algorithm to maximize the energy efficiency, by adjusting the modulation level and packet size as a function of the distance between source and destination nodes. The proposed optimization algorithm significantly enhances the energy efficiency of HARQ-INCC scheme. Finally, we analyze the energy efficiency of UASNs with respect to the variation in environmental parameters like waves and shipping noises. We validate the analytical results using ns-3 simulations.

中文翻译：

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水声传感器网络增量协作通信混合ARQ方案的建模与分析

水声传感器网络（UASN）是一个庞大的网络，其中传输节点的邻域由许多运行的传感器节点组成。考虑到这一点，我们提出了一种用于 UASN 中增量协作通信（HARQ-INCC）的混合自动重复请求方案。所提出的方案在数据包重传的情况下利用邻域传感器节点。将HARQ方案与增量协作通信相结合；以提高可靠性并优化能源效率。在本文中，我们提出了一个分析模型，通过检查声衰落、环境噪声和水下信道特性的影响，计算深水和浅水场景下 UASN 的能量效率。分析结果表明，HARQ-INCC 在源节点和目标节点之间的相当大的距离上优于现有技术。我们进一步提出了一种优化算法，通过根据源节点和目标节点之间的距离调整调制级别和​​数据包大小来最大化能源效率。所提出的优化算法显着提高了 HARQ-INCC 方案的能量效率。最后，我们分析了 UASN 在环境参数（如波浪和航运噪声）变化方面的能源效率。我们使用 ns-3 模拟验证分析结果。通过根据源节点和目标节点之间的距离来调整调制级别和​​数据包大小。所提出的优化算法显着提高了 HARQ-INCC 方案的能量效率。最后，我们分析了 UASN 在环境参数（如波浪和航运噪声）变化方面的能源效率。我们使用 ns-3 模拟验证分析结果。通过根据源节点和目标节点之间的距离来调整调制级别和​​数据包大小。所提出的优化算法显着提高了 HARQ-INCC 方案的能量效率。最后，我们分析了 UASN 在环境参数（如波浪和航运噪声）变化方面的能源效率。我们使用 ns-3 模拟验证分析结果。