To analyze the effects of stiffening external rings on the brace axial tension capacity of circular hollow section T-joints (CHS-T), loading experiments and finite element model analysis were utilized. Three groups of full-scale specimens (reinforced and unreinforced T-joints) of different brace-to-chord diameter ratios were tested under tension to validate the strengthening effect (Three unreinforced specimens were previously tested and the other three reinforced samples were newly completed). The experimental equipment and parameters are described in detail. Load–ovalization and load–displacement curves in addition to the failure modes were analyzed. It is concluded that the ultimate strength and initial stiffness are significantly enhanced for the reinforced CHS joints compared to the unreinforced specimens. SHELL181 elements were utilized in the finite element analysis to accurately simulate the loading capacity with and without external stiffening rings of the joints, within 10% error.

中文翻译：

---

外加劲环加固的CHS T型接头轴向拉伸承载力研究

为了分析外圈加劲对圆形空心截面T形接头（CHS-T）的支撑轴向拉力的影响，采用了载荷试验和有限元模型分析。在张力下测试了三组不同的支撑与弦直径比的全尺寸试样（钢筋和非钢筋T型接头），以验证加强效果（先前已测试了三个非钢筋试样，另外三个是新完成的钢筋试样） 。详细描述了实验设备和参数。除了失效模式外，还分析了载荷-椭圆化和载荷-位移曲线。结论是，与未加强的试样相比，加强的CHS接头的极限强度和初始刚度得到了显着提高。