Heart disease remains the leading cause of death globally. Heart failure (HF) is a clinical syndrome that results from impairment of the ability of the ventricle to fill with or eject blood. Over the past two decades, accumulated evidence has revealed the contribution of thyroid hormones to cardiovascular (CV) events, exerting their action through genomic and non-genomic pathways within the cardiomyocytes. The pivotal role of thyroid hormones in maintaining cardiac homeostasis has been observed in previous investigations which suggest that the CV system is adversely impacted by fluctuations in thyroid hormone levels, such as those that occur in hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and low triiodothyronine syndrome (LT₃S). Thyroid dysfunction has direct effects on myocardial contractility, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart mass, heart rate, ejection fraction, and heart output, which may ultimately lead to HF. Recent clinical data have shown that thyroid hormone replacement therapy for hypothyroid patients appears to provide the potential for reducing CV events. Therefore, this review aims to address the impact of thyroid hormone dysfunction on pathophysiological mechanisms contributing to the development and progression of HF.

中文翻译：

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甲状腺功能障碍与心血管疾病的关系：心力衰竭进展的最新综述。

心脏病仍然是全球范围内主要的死亡原因。心力衰竭（HF）是一种临床综合征，是由于心室充血或排出血液的能力受损所致。在过去的二十年中，积累的证据表明甲状腺激素对心血管（CV）事件的贡献，通过心肌细胞内的基因组和非基因组途径发挥其作用。在先前的研究中已观察到甲状腺激素在维持心脏动态平衡中的关键作用，这表明CV系统受到甲状腺激素水平波动的不利影响，例如甲状腺功能低下，甲状腺功能亢进和低碘甲状腺素综合征中所发生的水平（LT _3）。S）。甲状腺功能障碍直接影响心肌的收缩力，收缩压和舒张压，心脏质量，心率，射血分数和心输出量，最终可能导致HF。最近的临床数据表明，甲状腺功能低下患者的甲状腺激素替代疗法似乎具有降低CV事件的潜力。因此，本综述旨在探讨甲状腺激素功能异常对促成心衰发展和进展的病理生理机制的影响。