The thermoresponsiveness of hydrogel microspheres (microgels) was visualized in situ at the nanoscale using temperature-controllable high-speed atomic force microscopy (TC-HS-AFM). The morphological changes of the microgels are strongly affected by their packing conditions and by their adsorption on a solid substrate. The thermoresponsiveness of hydrogel microspheres (microgels) was visualized in situ at the nanoscale using temperature-controllable high-speed atomic force microscopy (TC-HS-AFM). The morphological changes of the microgels are strongly affected by their packing conditions and by their adsorption on a solid substrate. The isolated microgels attached to the substrate show a simple increase in height and a constant width with decreasing temperature. On the other hand, both the width and the height of the densely packed microgels increase, and the structures of the microgels change from spherical to hexagonal during cooling.

中文翻译：

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单个聚（N-异丙基丙烯酰胺）水凝胶微球在固体基质上密堆积条件下的热响应结构变化

使用温度可控的高速原子力显微镜 (TC-HS-AFM) 在纳米尺度上原位可视化水凝胶微球（微凝胶）的热响应性。微凝胶的形态变化受到它们的填充条件和它们在固体基质上的吸附的强烈影响。使用温度可控的高速原子力显微镜 (TC-HS-AFM) 在纳米尺度上原位可视化水凝胶微球（微凝胶）的热响应性。微凝胶的形态变化受到它们的填充条件和它们在固体基质上的吸附的强烈影响。附着在基底上的分离的微凝胶随着温度的降低显示出高度的简单增加和恒定的宽度。另一方面，