Displacement and admixture are threatening the survival and genetic integrity of the European dark bee, Apis mellifera mellifera. Studies on the phenotype-genotype map and genotype by environment interactions in honey bees are demonstrating that variation at subspecies level exists and is worth conserving. SNP-based tools for monitoring genetic integrity in bees have been developed, but are not yet widely used by European dark bee breeders. We used a panel of ancestry informative SNP markers to assess the level of admixture in Nordic dark bee breeding stocks. We found that bee breeders falsely classified admixed stocks based on morphometry as purebred and vice versa. Even though most Nordic A. m. mellifera breeding stocks have low proportions of C-lineage ancestry, we recommend to incorporate genotyping in Nordic dark bee breeding programmes to ensure that minimal genetic diversity is lost, while the genetic integrity of the subspecies is maintained.

置换和混合威胁着欧洲黑蜂Apis mellifera mellifera的生存和遗传完整性。通过环境相互作用对蜜蜂的表型-基因型图谱和基因型进行研究表明，亚种水平上存在变异，值得保护。已经开发了用于监测蜜蜂遗传完整性的基于SNP的工具，但尚未被欧洲黑蜂育种者广泛使用。我们使用了一组祖先信息丰富的SNP标记来评估北欧黑蜂育种种群的混合水平。我们发现，蜜蜂育种者基于形态计量学将混合种群错误地归类为纯种，反之亦然。尽管大多数北欧A.米 蜜蜂 繁殖种群的C系血统比例较低，我们建议将基因分型纳入北欧黑蜂育种计划，以确保在保持亚种遗传完整性的同时，减少最小的遗传多样性。