Abstract While calcium phosphate cement (CPC) is recognized as one of the most likely substitutes for the conventional Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), there are very few studies about its intradiscal leakage consequences. Herein, the goal of our study was to examine the effect of CPC particles on the ERK (extracellular regulatory kinase) pathway in human nucleus pulposus cell (HNPC) degeneration. Different concentrations of CPC particles (0.00‰, 0.01‰, 0.05‰, 0.1‰ v/v) were added to human nucleus pulposus cell cultures. After 10 days of treatment, HNPC biological behaviors and degeneration degree were analyzed by CCK-8 assay, crystal violet staining, flow cytometer and western blot. The effect of CPC on the ERK pathway was also analyzed by western blot. After activating the ERK path by overexpressing Ras, HNPCs’ biological behaviors and degeneration degree were analyzed again. We found that CPC particles had a negative effect on human nucleus pulposus cells (HNPCs), which are mainly reflected in cell growth and the cell cycle. After activation of the ERK signaling pathway, the negative effects of CPC on cell growth and the cell cycle were significantly reduced and the degeneration degree of HNPCs was reversed. CPC particles can probably block the activation of the ERK pathway, thus causing the HNPCs’ degeneration.

中文翻译：

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磷酸钙水泥通过 ERK 信号通路引起髓核细胞变性

摘要 虽然磷酸钙骨水泥 (CPC) 被认为是传统聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯 (PMMA) 最有可能的替代品之一，但关于其椎间盘内渗漏后果的研究却很少。在此，我们研究的目的是检查 CPC 颗粒对人髓核细胞 (HNPC) 变性中 ERK（细胞外调节激酶）途径的影响。将不同浓度的CPC颗粒（0.00‰、0.01‰、0.05‰、0.1‰ v/v）加入到人髓核细胞培养物中。治疗10天后，通过CCK-8法、结晶紫染色、流式细胞仪和蛋白质印迹分析HNPC生物学行为和变性程度。还通过蛋白质印迹分析了 CPC 对 ERK 通路的影响。通过过表达 Ras 激活 ERK 路径后，再次分析了HNPCs的生物学行为和退化程度。我们发现CPC颗粒对人髓核细胞（HNPCs）有负面影响，主要体现在细胞生长和细胞周期上。ERK信号通路激活后，CPC对细胞生长和细胞周期的负面影响显着降低，HNPCs的变性程度得到逆转。CPC 颗粒可能会阻断 ERK 通路的激活，从而导致 HNPCs 的退化。CPC对细胞生长和细胞周期的负面影响显着降低，HNPCs的变性程度得到逆转。CPC 颗粒可能会阻断 ERK 通路的激活，从而导致 HNPCs 的退化。CPC对细胞生长和细胞周期的负面影响显着降低，HNPCs的变性程度得到逆转。CPC 颗粒可能会阻断 ERK 通路的激活，从而导致 HNPCs 的退化。