Abstract Previous observations of a large number of galaxies show differences between the photometry of spiral galaxies with clockwise spin patterns and spiral galaxies with counterclockwise spin patterns. In this study the mean magnitude of a large number of clockwise galaxies is compared to the mean magnitude of a large number of counterclockwise galaxies. The observed difference between clockwise and counterclockwise spiral galaxies imaged by the space-based COSMOS survey is compared to the differences between clockwise and counterclockwise galaxies imaged by the Earth-based SDSS and Pan-STARRS around the same field. The annotation of clockwise and counterclockwise galaxies is a fully automatic process that does not involve human intervention, and in all experiments both clockwise and counterclockwise galaxies are separated from the same fields. The comparison shows that the same asymmetry was identified by all three telescopes, providing strong evidence that the rotation direction of a spiral galaxy is linked to its luminosity as measured from Earth. Analysis of the luminosity difference using a large number of galaxies from different parts of the sky shows that the difference between clockwise and counterclockwise galaxies changes with the direction of observation, and oriented around an axis.

中文翻译：

---

具有不同自旋模式的星系之间的不对称性：COSMOS、SDSS 和 Pan-STARRS 之间的比较

摘要 先前对大量星系的观测表明，顺时针旋转模式的螺旋星系和逆时针旋转模式的螺旋星系的测光存在差异。在这项研究中，大量顺时针星系的平均星等与大量逆时针星系的平均星等进行了比较。天基 COSMOS 巡天观测到的顺时针和逆时针旋涡星系之间的观测差异与地基 SDSS 和 Pan-STARRS 围绕同一场成像的顺时针和逆时针星系之间的差异进行了比较。顺时针和逆时针星系的标注是一个完全自动化的过程，不涉及人工干预，并且在所有实验中顺时针和逆时针星系都从相同的场中分离出来。比较表明，所有三个望远镜都发现了相同的不对称性，这提供了强有力的证据，证明旋涡星系的旋转方向与其从地球测量的光度有关。使用来自天空不同部分的大量星系的光度差异分析表明，顺时针和逆时针星系之间的差异随着观察方向而变化，并围绕一个轴定向。