Abstract Introduction Common parasites of the European bison include gastro-intestinal and pulmonary nematodes, liver flukes (Fasciola hepatica), tapeworms, and protozoa of the genus Coccidia. This study compared the extensiveness and intensities of European bison parasitic invasions in three north-eastern Polish forests in different seasons and queried the role of parasitological monitoring in sanitary and hygienic control of feeding places. Material and Methods Faecal samples were collected in the Białowieża, Knyszyńska, and Borecka Forests between 2014 and 2016, as were some from an area neighbouring the Białowieża Forest outside the Natura 2000 protected area. Parasites were detected in individual samples with the flotation, decanting and Baermann methods. Results The eggs of Trichostrongylidae, Aonchotheca sp., Nematodirus sp., Strongyloides spp., Trichuris sp., Moniezia spp., and Fasciola hepatica; the larvae of Dictyocaulus viviparus; and the oocytes of Eimeria spp. were identified. Significant variation in invasion intensity and diversity was seen by origin and season. The relationships were assessed first by univariable tests and next multivariately, when origin and season emerged as the major risk factors for exposure to most of the parasites. Conclusion The differences in the level of parasitic infection between the forests did not have implications for its sufficiency to cause clinical symptoms. However, the associations and risk factors found enable the necessary preventive measures to be taken to protect the E. bison from exposure or decrease the risks. Additionally, parasitological monitoring is appropriate as the method of sanitary and hygienic control of European bison winter feeding places. Threats to public health through adventitious invasions by zoonotic factors such as F. hepatica have been identified.

中文翻译：

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2014年至2016年波兰东北部三片森林欧洲野牛（Bison bonasus）的寄生虫学监测

摘要 简介 欧洲野牛的常见寄生虫包括胃肠道和肺线虫、肝吸虫（肝片吸虫）、绦虫和球虫属的原生动物。本研究比较了欧洲野牛寄生虫在波兰东北部三个森林不同季节入侵的广度和强度，并质疑寄生虫监测在饲养场所卫生和卫生控制中的作用。材料和方法 2014 年至 2016 年期间，在 Białowieża、Knyszyńska 和 Borecka 森林收集了粪便样本，其中一些来自 Natura 2000 保护区外的 Białowieża 森林附近地区。使用浮选法、倾析法和贝尔曼法在单个样品中检测到寄生虫。结果毛圆线虫科、Aonchotheca sp.、Nematodirus sp.、类圆线虫属、鞭毛虫属、Moniezia spp.和肝片吸虫；盘尾藻幼虫；和艾美球虫属的卵母细胞。被识别。入侵强度和多样性在起源和季节方面存在显着差异。首先通过单变量测试评估这些关系，然后通过多元测试评估这些关系，当起源和季节成为暴露于大多数寄生虫的主要风险因素时。结论 森林间寄生虫感染水平的差异对其是否足以引起临床症状没有影响。然而，发现的关联和风险因素使得能够采取必要的预防措施来保护 E. bison 免受暴露或降低风险。此外，寄生虫学监测适合作为欧洲野牛冬季饲养场所的卫生控制方法。已确定人畜共患因素（如肝假丝酵母）的意外入侵对公共健康构成威胁。