Abstract Introduction Mobile phones (MP) and other electronic and communication devices that are used daily expose users to electromagnetic fields (EMF) and contribute to an increasing incidence of neurological disorders. Brain tissue is the closest organ to the MP as it operates, thus the influence of MP radiation on brain tissue is of particular concern, although research is still inconclusive. The present study investigated the possible effect of an EMF (1,350–1,375 megahertz (MHz)) from an MP on morphological and histopathological profiles in the mouse brain. Material and methods Healthy BALB/c mice were assigned to three equal groups (a control and two experimental groups, n = 10 each). Experimental mice were exposed to EMFs continuously for 72 h, those of experimental group I to a 1,350 MHz field at a specific absorption rate (SAR) of 4.0 W/kg, and group II to a 1,375 MHz field EMF at an SAR of 4.0 W/kg. Brain segmentation and histopathological analysis were applied to detect changes in the morphometric parameters of the brain lobes and identify pathological lesions, respectively. Results Histopathology results revealed shrinkage of pyramidal neurons, presence of mild perivascular and perineural oedema, and some vacuolation of neurons and glial cells derived from mouse great hemispheres. The lesions also included reduction of Purkinje cells, vacuolisation of neurons and glial cells, and interstitial oedema in the cerebellum. Conclusion MP distance of 3 cm from the cage may induce appreciable morphological changes in mouse brain structures; therefore, more comprehensive research is essential for assessment of safe distance. These pronounced effects may interfere with the results of laboratory tests on murine experimental models in veterinary or biomedical research.

中文翻译：

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电磁场暴露对小鼠大脑形态和组织病理学分析的影响

摘要 简介 日常使用的移动电话 (MP) 和其他电子和通信设备使用户暴露在电磁场 (EMF) 下，导致神经系统疾病的发病率不断增加。脑组织是最接近 MP 运作的器官，因此 MP 辐射对脑组织的影响尤其值得关注，尽管研究仍无定论。本研究调查了 MP 产生的 EMF（1,350–1,375 兆赫兹 (MHz)）对小鼠大脑形态和组织病理学特征的可能影响。材料和方法将健康的 BALB/c 小鼠分为三个相等的组（一个对照组和两个实验组，每组 n = 10）。实验小鼠连续暴露于电磁场 72 小时，实验组 I 暴露于 1,350 MHz 场，比吸收率 (SAR) 为 4.0 W/kg，实验组 II 暴露于 1,375 MHz 场，SAR 为 4.0 W /公斤。应用脑分割和组织病理学分析分别检测脑叶形态参数的变化并识别病理病变。结果组织病理学结果显示锥体神经元萎缩，存在轻度血管周围和神经周围水肿，以及来自小鼠大半球的神经元和神经胶质细胞出现一些空泡。病变还包括浦肯野细胞减少、神经元和神经胶质细胞空泡化以及小脑间质水肿。结论 MP距离笼子3 cm可引起小鼠脑结构明显的形态学变化；因此，更全面的研究对于安全距离评估至关重要。这些明显的影响可能会干扰兽医或生物医学研究中小鼠实验模型的实验室测试结果。