Abstract

Objective The aim of this study was to compare technical and physical features of four three-dimensional printed bone models used for teaching purposes to commercial models.

Study Design A canine tibia was imaged using computed tomography and used for model development. Tibial models were printed using Resin, polylactide acid (PLA), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and high-impact polystyrene (HIPS). They were compared with two commercial models (SAWBONES 2117 and 2108). Models were drilled in three locations and then cut transversely. Subjective quality of models, time and cost of production were compared.

Results Print time was approximately 3 hours for Resin and 4 hours for each of the PLA, ABS and HIPS models. Unlike the Resin and SAWBONES, the PLA, HIPS and ABS had higher heat generation during both drilling and cutting with mild construct deformation at cut surfaces in ABS and PLA models. Characteristics of real bone during drilling and cutting were best simulated in decreasing order by Resin, PLA, ABS and HIPS followed by SAWBONES 2117 and 2108 models. Material costs were $14.6 (Resin), $0.48 (PLA/ABS), $1.52 (HIPS), $23.50 and $17.50 for SAWBONES 2117 and 2108 per model, respectively. Resin performed best and had the closest subjective tactile properties to real bone.

Conclusion The three-dimensional printed tibial bone models provide a cost-effective alternative to commercially available bone models in veterinary medicine as teaching models.

Authors' Contributions

Sarah Malek and Davin H. Huston contributed to conception of study and study design. All authors contributed to model production, model testing and interpretation of the data. Sarah Malek contributed to the funding of the project. All authors contributed to the collection and assembly of data, whereas Sarah Malek and Davin H. Huston contributed to administrative support. All authors contributed to the preparation and approval of the manuscript.

中文翻译：

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与市售模型相比，四种类型的三维打印解剖型胫骨模型的定性评估。

摘要

目的 本研究的目的是将用于教学目的的四个三维印刷骨骼模型与商业模型的技术和物理特征进行比较。

研究设计 使用计算机断层扫描对犬胫骨进行成像，并用于模型开发。使用树脂，聚乳酸（PLA），丙烯腈丁二烯苯乙烯（ABS）和高抗冲聚苯乙烯（HIPS）印刷胫骨模型。将它们与两个商业模型（SAWBONES 2117和2108）进行了比较。模型在三个位置钻孔，然后横向切割。比较了模型的主观质量，时间和生产成本。

结果 对于树脂，打印时间大约为3小时，对于PLA，ABS和HIPS模型，打印时间大约为4小时。与树脂和SAWBONES不同，在钻孔和切割过程中，PLA，HIPS和ABS产生的热量更高，在ABS和PLA模型中，切割表面的结构变形较小。树脂，PLA，ABS和HIPS，然后是SAWBONES 2117和2108模型，最好以降序模拟钻和切割过程中的真实骨骼特性。SAWBONES 2117和2108的材料成本分别为$ 14.6（树脂），$ 0.48（PLA / ABS），$ 1.52（HIPS），$ 23.50和$ 17.50。树脂表现最好，并且具有与真实骨骼最接近的主观触觉特性。

结论 三维打印的胫骨模型可以作为教学模型替代兽医学上商业化骨模型的一种经济有效的选择。

作者的贡献

Sarah Malek和Davin H. Huston为研究和研究设计的概念做出了贡献。所有作者都为模型制作，模型测试和数据解释做出了贡献。莎拉·马雷克（Sarah Malek）为该项目提供了资金。所有作者都为数据的收集和整理做出了贡献，而Sarah Malek和Davin H. Huston则为行政支持做出了贡献。所有作者都为稿件的准备和批准做出了贡献。