Abstract

Objectives This article evaluates and compares the diffusion pattern of radiopaque contrast medium following perineural analgesia of the deep branch of the lateral plantar nerve performed using two different techniques: weight-bearing or flexed.

Study Design This was an in vivo experimental study.

Methods Eight horses were enrolled. Perineural injection of the right and left deep branch lateral plantar nerves was performed with a weight-bearing or flexed technique, using radiopaque contrast medium (iohexol). Radiographic evaluation was performed after 5 (T5), 15 (T15) and 30 (T30) minutes. The diffusion of contrast medium was assessed independently by two blinded readers who analysed the extension of the main contrast medium bulk and the maximum diffusion of contrast medium in both proximal and distal directions. The effect of time and technique employed on contrast medium diffusion was assessed using two-way analysis of variance for repeated measures (p ≤ 0.05).

Results There was no significant difference in the diffusion of the contrast medium between the two techniques at T15. However, at T30 the weight-bearing technique resulted in a significantly increased diffusion in the proximal direction (p = 0.02). In one case, belonging to the weight-bearing group, contrast medium was identified within the tarsal sheath. There was no evidence of contrast medium in the tarsometatarsal joint of any horse, regardless of the technique used.

Conclusions The two techniques resulted in a similar diffusion at T15. However, the use of a weight-bearing technique resulted in a significant increase in proximal contrast medium diffusion 30 minutes after injection.

Authors' Contributions

Federica Cantatore contributed to conception of study, study design, acquisition of data and data analysis and interpretation. Marco Marcatili and Jonathan Withers contributed conception of study, study design and acquisition of data. Marco Marcatili also performed the measurements together with Jonathan Withers. Andrea Bertuglia contributed to study design and data analysis and interpretation. Eleonora Pagliara actively contributed to the acquisition of data (obtained the radiographs). All authors drafted, revised and approved the final manuscript.

中文翻译：

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两种不同技术对马进行足底神经外侧支深部神经鞘内注射后，放射性高密度造影剂的扩散：一项体内研究。

摘要

目的 本文评估并比较不透射线造影剂在使用两种不同技术（负重或屈曲）对足底外侧神经的深支进行神经性镇痛后的扩散方式。

研究设计 这是一项体内实验研究。

方法 招收八匹马。使用不透射线的造影剂（iohexol），通过负重或屈曲技术对左右深支外侧足底神经进行神经鞘内注射。在5（T5），15（T15）和30（T30）分钟后进行射线照相评估。造影剂的扩散由两个不知情的读者独立评估，他们分析了主要造影剂体积的扩展以及造影剂在近端和远端方向上的最大扩散。对造影剂扩散采用时间和技术效果可通过使用方差双向分析重复测量（评估p ≤0.05）。

结果 两种技术在T15时造影剂的扩散没有显着差异。但是，在T30时，负重技术导致在近端方向的扩散明显增加（p  = 0.02）。在一种情况下，属于负重组，在tar鞘中发现了造影剂。无论使用哪种技术，都没有证据表明任何一匹马的tar趾关节都有造影剂。

结论 两种技术在T15产生了相似的扩散。然而，使用负重技术导致注射后30分钟的近端造影剂扩散显着增加。

作者的贡献

Federica Cantatore为研究概念，研究设计，数据获取以及数据分析和解释做出了贡献。Marco Marcatili和Jonathan Withers贡献了研究，研究设计和数据采集的概念。Marco Marcatili还与Jonathan Withers一起进行了测量。Andrea Bertuglia为研究设计以及数据分析和解释做出了贡献。Eleonora Pagliara积极地为数据的获取做出了贡献（获得了射线照片）。所有作者都起草，修改和批准了最终稿。