This paper proposes a bi-modal bottleneck model with time-varying scheduling preferences for investigating the two-mode problem with bottleneck queuing and transit crowding. In the proposed model, the activity scheduling utilities of commuters at home and at work vary by the time of day, and two kinds of congestion externalities (i.e., traffic congestion among vehicles at the bottleneck and in-bus passenger crowding discomfort) are considered. Commuters choose their travel modes and departure times from home to work during the morning commute to minimize their own generalized travel cost. The properties of the proposed bi-modal bottleneck model are analytically explored. Particularly, the relationship between the departure intervals of auto and bus commuters is revealed. The time-varying charging schemes and step charging schemes for reducing the congestion externalities are also investigated. A critical condition for passenger shift from one mode to the other mode with congestion charging schemes is identified, and the effects of congestion charging schemes with and without internalizing the bus-related congestion externalities (including the bottleneck congestion externality induced by auto and bus interaction and the in-bus passenger crowding externality) on the bottleneck system are compared.

本文提出了一种具有时变调度偏好的双峰瓶颈模型，用于研究瓶颈排队和公交拥挤的双模问题。在提出的模型中，通勤者在家里和工作场所的活动调度效用随一天的时间而变化，并且考虑了两种交通拥堵外部性（即瓶颈处车辆之间的交通拥堵和公交乘客拥挤不适）。通勤者在早上上下班时选择他们的出行方式和从家到工作的出发时间，以最大程度地减少他们自己的一般出行成本。分析地探讨了所提出的双峰瓶颈模型的性质。特别地，揭示了汽车和公共汽车通勤者的出发间隔之间的关系。还研究了用于减少拥塞外部性的时变计费方案和分步计费方案。确定了使用拥堵收费方案的乘客从一种模式转换为另一种模式的关键条件，并且在有和没有内部化与公交相关的拥堵外部性（包括由汽车和公交车互动引起的瓶颈拥堵外部性以及没有内部化）的情况下，拥堵收费方案的影响比较瓶颈系统上的巴士乘客拥挤外部性）。