BACKGROUND Recent federal proposals in Canada have called for changes in the delivery and funding of school lunches. Yet little evidence has documented the nutritional quality of meals eaten by school children, which is needed to inform school lunch reforms. OBJECTIVES To assess the dietary contributions of lunch foods to daily food and nutrient intakes on school days and compare dietary intakes across eating locations (school, home, and off campus). DESIGN Cross-sectional analyses of school day data from the 2015 Canadian Community Health Survey-Nutrition. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING Children aged 6 to 17 years who completed a 24-hour dietary recall falling on a school day in 2015 (n=2,540). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Mean percent of daily intakes of energy, food groups, and nutrients contributed by foods reported at lunch and energy-adjusted intakes of nutrients and food groups consumed during the lunch meal. STATISTICAL ANALYSES Descriptive statistics were used to assess the percent of daily energy, nutrients, and food groups contributed by lunch foods. Multivariable linear regression models examined differences in dietary outcomes across eating locations for the full sample and stratified by age group, with separate models for children aged 6 to 13 and 14 to 17 years. RESULTS On average, foods reported at lunch provided ∼26% of daily calories on school days. Relative to energy, lunch foods provided lower contributions of dark green and orange vegetables, whole fruit, fruit juice, whole grains, milk and alternatives, fluid milk; minimally nutritious foods including sugar-sweetened beverages; and several related nutrients including total sugars; vitamins A, D, B-6, and B-12; riboflavin; and calcium. Yet, lunch foods provided proportionally higher contributions of grain products, non-whole grains, meat and alternatives, and sodium. Children aged 14 to 17 years who ate lunch at school reported higher intakes of total vegetables and fruit, whole fruit, whole grains, fiber, vitamin C, and magnesium but reported fewer calories from sugar-sweetened beverages compared with their peers who ate lunch off campus. CONCLUSIONS Relative to its contribution to energy, lunch on school days contributed to proportionally lower intakes of many healthful foods such as dark green and orange vegetables, whole fruit, whole grains, and fluid milk but also proportionally lower intakes of other high-fat and high-sugar foods including sugar-sweetened beverages. This study adds to the growing body of evidence on dietary concerns during school time for Canadian children and highlights particular nutritional challenges for adolescents consuming lunch off campus.

中文翻译：

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在加拿大上学日的午餐：检查对营养素和食物组摄入量的贡献以及不同饮食地点的差异

背景 加拿大最近的联邦提案呼吁改变学校午餐的提供和资助。然而，几乎没有证据记录学童所吃膳食的营养质量，而这对于学校午餐改革而言是必要的。目标 评估午餐食物对在校期间日常食物和营养摄入量的膳食贡献，并比较不同用餐地点（学校、家庭和校外）的膳食摄入量。设计 对 2015 年加拿大社区健康调查 - 营养学数据的横断面分析。参与者/环境 2015 年在上学日完成 24 小时饮食回忆的 6 至 17 岁儿童（n=2,540）。主要结局指标 每日能量摄入量、食物组、和午餐时报告的食物提供的营养素以及午餐期间消耗的营养素和食物组的能量调整摄入量。统计分析 描述性统计用于评估午餐食物贡献的每日能量、营养素和食物组的百分比。多变量线性回归模型检查了整个样本中不同饮食地点的饮食结果差异，并按年龄组进行了分层，对 6 至 13 岁和 14 至 17 岁的儿童使用了单独的模型。结果 平均而言，午餐时报告的食物提供了上学日每日卡路里的约 26%。相对于能量，午餐食物提供的深绿色和橙色蔬菜、全果、果汁、全谷物、牛奶和替代品、液态奶的贡献较低；最低限度的营养食品，包括含糖饮料；以及几种相关的营养素，包括总糖；维生素 A、D、B-6 和 B-12；核黄素; 和钙。然而，午餐食品提供的谷物产品、非全谷物、肉类和替代品以及钠的比例更高。与不吃午餐的同龄人相比，在学校吃午餐的 14 至 17 岁儿童报告的蔬菜和水果、全果、全谷类、纤维、维生素 C 和镁的总摄入量更高，但含糖饮料的卡路里摄入量更少校园。结论 相对于其对能量的贡献，在校期间的午餐会按比例降低许多健康食品的摄入量，例如深绿色和橙色蔬菜、全果、全谷物和液态奶，但也会按比例降低其他高脂肪和高脂肪食物的摄入量。 - 含糖食品，包括含糖饮料。