Concentrated human milk (HM-concentrate) can be obtained from the simple and inexpensive method of donated breast milk direct lyophilization. A previous study reported that HM-concentrate contains the adequate amount of main macro- and micronutrients for use as a nutritional resource for preterm infants with very low birth weight admitted to neonatal intensive care units. However, further details need to be elucidated about HM-concentrate composition, particularly its content of essential and potentially toxic trace elements. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the concentration of essential and toxic elements in human milk considered baseline (HM-baseline) and HM-concentrate, as well as to quantify changes in concentration of these elements after the HM concentration process. The concentration of Aluminum, Arsenic, Cadmium, Chromium, Iron, Mercury, Manganese, Nickel, Lead, Selenium, Tin, and Thallium was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Moreover, Bayesian linear mixed effect models were applied to estimate the mean difference between HM-baseline and HM-concentrate samples. After comparison (HM-concentrate versus HM-baseline), a significant increase in concentration was observed only for Manganese (0.80 μg/L; 95% CrI [0.16; 1.43]) and Selenium (6.74 μg/L; 95% CrI [4.66; 8.86]), while Lead concentration (−6.13 μg/L; 95% CrI [-8.63; −3.61]) decreased. This study provides latest and reliable information about HM composition. After milk concentration by lyophilization, there was a significant increase only in the essential elements Manganese and Selenium. The essential micronutrient content in HM-concentrate was similar or higher than that in preterm mothers' milk, which suggests it is viable for nutritional support of preterm infants. In addition, the low concentrations of potentially toxic elements in HM-concentrate indicates that it is safe for consumption by premature newborns.

浓缩人乳（HM浓缩物）可以通过捐赠母乳直接冻干的简单而廉价的方法获得。一项先前的研究报告称，HM浓缩物含有足够数量的主要常量和微量元素，可以用作新生儿重症监护病房的极低出生体重的早产儿的营养资源。然而，需要阐明有关HM-浓缩物组合物的更多细节，尤其是其必需和潜在毒性微量元素的含量。因此，本研究旨在确定被认为是基线（HM基线）和HM浓度的母乳中必需和有毒元素的浓度，并量化HM浓缩过程后这些元素的浓度变化。铝，砷，镉，铬，铁的浓度 通过电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）分析了汞，锰，镍，铅，硒，锡和T。此外，使用贝叶斯线性混合效应模型来估计HM基线和HM浓度样品之间的平均差异。比较后（HM浓度与HM基线），仅锰（0.80μg/ L； 95％CrI [0.16; 1.43]）和硒（6.74μg/ L； 95％CrI [4.66]）的浓度显着增加。 ； 8.86]），而铅浓度（-6.13μg/ L； 95％CrI [-8.63; -3.61]）降低。这项研究提供了有关HM成分的最新可靠信息。通过冻干浓缩牛奶后，只有基本元素锰和硒显着增加。HM浓缩物中必需的微量营养素含量与早产母乳中的微量营养素含量相似或更高，这表明它对于早产儿的营养支持是可行的。此外，HM浓度中潜在毒性元素的浓度较低，表明可以安全地供早产儿食用。