The photon – induced interactions, present in ep, eA, pp, pA, AA and \(e^+ e^-\) collisions, are expressed within the color dipole approach in terms of the photon wave function, which describes the transition of the photon into a quark – antiquark color dipole. Such quantity is usually calculated using perturbation theory assuming that long distance corrections associated to strong interactions can be neglected. In this paper we investigate the impact of these nonperturbative QCD (npQCD) corrections to the description of the photon wave function for dipoles of large size in several observables measured at HERA, LEP and LHC. We assume a phenomenological ansatz for the treatment of these npQCD corrections and constrain the free parameters of our model using the experimental data for the photoproduction cross section. The predictions for the \(\gamma \gamma \) cross section, exclusive \(\rho \) production in ep collisions and the rapidity distribution for the \(\rho \) production in PbPb collisions are compared with the data. We demonstrate that the inclusion of the nonperturbative QCD corrections improves the description of processes that are dominated by large dipoles.

光子诱导的相互作用，存在于ep，eA，pp，pA，AA和\（e ^ + e ^-\）中碰撞是在彩色偶极子方法中用光子波函数表示的，它描述了光子向夸克－反夸克色子偶极子的过渡。假设可以忽略与强相互作用相关的长距离校正，则通常使用摄动理论计算该数量。在本文中，我们研究了这些非扰动QCD（npQCD）校正对在HERA，LEP和LHC测得的几个可观测物中大尺寸偶极子的光子波函数描述的影响。我们假设一个现象学ansatz用于处理这些npQCD校正，并使用光生产横截面的实验数据来约束我们模型的自由参数。\（\ gamma \ gamma \）横截面的预测，不包括\（\ RHO \）在生产EP碰撞和用于快速性分布\（\ RHO \）在生产PbPb碰撞与数据相比较。我们证明，包含非扰动的QCD校正改进了对以大偶极子为主的过程的描述。