In this paper, an interdisciplinary investigation was carried out to study if Santa María tricolor style vessels were used as culinary equipment in a 14th century ad domestic cooking space in El Colorado (Yocavil valley, Catamarca, Northwest Argentina) and to question the long-established idea that Santa María vessels were exclusively funerary objects. The combined use of gas chromatography (GC-FID), gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF) to study residual lipids from Santa María style vessels provided valuable information on their ancient use. Also, an ordinary striated style ceramic pot with distinct visible soot marks, as well as sediments from the cooking area, was studied for comparative purposes. Fatty acid, sterol, and acylglyceride profiles were characterized, and markers of food sources were searched in the complex mixtures. We identified intact triacylglycerides (TAGs) in the archaeological samples, even unsaturated, indicating exceptional preservation of lipids in the ceramic matrixes. Cholesterol or cholesterol oxidation products were observed in all ceramic containers, as well as plant sterols (stigmasterol, sitosterol) in two containers. Markers for ruminant lipids, such as TAGs that contain odd-chain fatty acids, were found, supported by the identification of odd-chain and branched-chain fatty acids with GC-FID and GC-MS. This evidence contributes to the hypothesis that Santa María vessels were used for culinary purposes in this archaeological domestic cooking space.

中文翻译：

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结合使用气相色谱法和HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF评估来自El Colorado（阿根廷卡塔马卡）的考古圣玛丽亚风格陶瓷器皿的烹饪用途

在本文中，跨学科的调查进行了研究，如果圣玛丽亚三色风格的船只在14世纪作为烹饪设备的广告在El科罗拉多家庭烹饪空间（Yocavil谷，卡塔马卡，西北阿根廷）和质疑已久的认为圣玛丽亚的船只仅是陪葬对象。气相色谱（GC-FID），气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）和高效液相色谱结合使用，结合电喷雾电离和四极杆飞行时间质谱（HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF ）研究圣玛丽亚的残留脂质样式的船只提供了有关其古老用途的宝贵信息。另外，为了进行比较，研究了具有明显可见烟灰痕以及烹饪区域沉积物的普通条纹陶瓷锅。表征脂肪酸，固醇和酰基甘油酯谱，并在复杂混合物中搜索食物来源的标记。我们在考古样本中发现了完整的甘油三酸酯（TAG），甚至是不饱和的，这表明陶瓷基质中脂质的特殊保存。在所有陶瓷容器中观察到胆固醇或胆固醇氧化产物，在两个容器中观察到植物固醇（豆甾醇，谷甾醇）。发现了反刍动物脂质的标记，例如含有奇链脂肪酸的TAG，通过GC-FID和GC-MS鉴定奇数和支链脂肪酸得到了支持。该证据有助于以下假设：圣玛丽亚船只在这个考古家庭烹饪空间中用于烹饪。