Nitric oxide (NO), which is synthesized by the enzyme NO synthase (NOS), is a versatile endogenous molecule with multiple biological effects on many tissues and organs. In dental pulp tissue, NO has been found to play multifaceted roles in regulating physiological activities, inflammation processes, and tissue repair events, such as cell proliferation, neuronal degeneration, angiogenesis, and odontoblastic differentiation. However, there is a deficiency of detailed discussion on the NO-mediated interactions between inflammation and reparative/regenerative responses in wounded dental pulp tissue, which is a central determinant of ultimate clinical outcomes. Thus, the purpose of this review is to outline the current molecular understanding on the roles of Janus-faced molecule NO in dental pulp physiology, inflammation, and reparative activities. Based on this knowledge, advanced physicochemical techniques designed to manipulate the therapeutic potential of NOS and NO production in endodontic regeneration procedures are further discussed.

中文翻译：

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牙髓组织中的一氧化氮：从分子理解到再生牙髓治疗的临床应用。

一氧化氮 (NO) 由一氧化氮合酶 (NOS) 合成，是一种多功能的内源性分子，对许多组织和器官具有多种生物学效应。在牙髓组织中，已发现 NO 在调节生理活动、炎症过程和组织修复事件（如细胞增殖、神经元变性、血管生成和成牙本质细胞分化）方面发挥着多方面的作用。然而，关于 NO 介导的损伤牙髓组织中炎症与修复/再生反应之间的相互作用缺乏详细讨论，这是最终临床结果的核心决定因素。因此，本综述的目的是概述目前对 Janus-faced 分子 NO 在牙髓生理、炎症和修复活动中的作用的分子理解。