Oxacillinases (OXA) have been mostly described in Enterobacteriaceae, Acinetobacter, and Pseudomonas species. Recent years have witnessed an increased prevalence of intrinsic and/or acquired β-lactamase-producing Acinetobacter in food-producing animals. This study was conducted to assess the prevalence of OXA among selected bacterial species and to characterize these enzymes by in silico analysis. Screening of OXA was performed by PCR amplification using specific pairs of oligonucleotides. Overall, 40 pairs of primers were designed, of which 6 were experimentally tested in vitro. Among 49 bacterial isolates examined, the presence of bla_OXA-1-like genes was confirmed in 20 cases (41%; 19 times in Klebsiella pneumoniae and once in Enterobacter cloacae). No OXA were found in animal isolates. The study results confirmed the specificity of the designed oligonucleotide pairs. Furthermore, the designed primers were found to possess the ability to specifically detect 90.2% of all OXA. These facts suggest that the in silico and in vitro tested primers could be used for single or multiplex PCR to screen for the presence of OXA in various bacteria, as well as to monitor their spread. At the same time, the presence of conserved characteristic amino acids and motifs was confirmed by in silico analysis of sequences of representative members of OXA.

中文翻译：

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细菌中的草酸酶的PCR检测。

Oxacillinases（OXA）在肠杆菌科，不动杆菌属和假单胞菌属物种中得到了最多的描述。近年来，在产生食物的动物中，固有的和/或获得的产生β-内酰胺酶的不动杆菌的患病率增加。进行这项研究是为了评估OXA在选定细菌物种中的流行程度，并通过计算机分析来表征这些酶。使用特定的寡核苷酸对通过PCR扩增进行OXA的筛选。总体上，设计了40对引物，其中6对在体外进行了实验测试。在检查的49种细菌分离物中，存在bla _OXA-1-like这些基因在20例病例中得到证实（41％；肺炎克雷伯菌19例，阴沟肠杆菌1例）。没有OXA动物株被发现。研究结果证实了设计的寡核苷酸对的特异性。此外，发现设计的引物具有特异性检测所有OXA的90.2％的能力。这些事实表明，计算机模拟和体外测试的引物可用于单次或多重PCR，以筛选各种细菌中OXA的存在，并监测其传播。同时，通过计算机证实了保守的特征性氨基酸和基序的存在OXA代表性成员序列分析。