One of Saturn's largest moons, Enceladus, possesses a vast extraterrestrial ocean (i.e., exo-ocean) that is increasingly becoming the hotspot of future research initiatives dedicated to the exploration of putative life. Here, a new bio-exploration concept design for Enceladus' exo-ocean is proposed, focusing on the potential presence of organisms across a wide range of sizes (i.e., from uni- to multicellular and animal-like), according to state-of-the-art sensor and robotic platform technologies used in terrestrial deep-sea research. In particular, we focus on combined direct and indirect life-detection capabilities, based on optoacoustic imaging and passive acoustics, as well as molecular approaches. Such biologically oriented sampling can be accompanied by concomitant geochemical and oceanographic measurements to provide data relevant to exo-ocean exploration and understanding. Finally, we describe how this multidisciplinary monitoring approach is currently enabled in terrestrial oceans through cabled (fixed) observatories and their related mobile multiparametric platforms (i.e., Autonomous Underwater and Remotely Operated Vehicles, as well as crawlers, rovers, and biomimetic robots) and how their modified design can be used for exo-ocean exploration.

中文翻译：

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利用深海传感器和平台技术进行的远洋探险。

土星最大的卫星之一，土卫二，拥有广阔的地外海洋（即外洋），正日益成为致力于探究假定生命的未来研究计划的热点。在此，针对土卫二海洋生物提出了一种新的生物探索概念设计，着眼于各种规模的生物体的潜在存在（即，（从单细胞到多细胞和类动物），这取决于用于陆地深海研究的最新传感器和机器人平台技术。特别是，我们专注于基于光声成像和无源声学以及分子方法的直接和间接寿命组合检测功能。这种以生物学为导向的采样可以伴随进行地球化学和海洋学测量，以提供与外洋探索和了解有关的数据。最后，我们描述了目前如何通过有线（固定）观测站及其相关的移动多参数平台在陆地海洋中启用这种多学科监视方法。 自主水下和遥控车辆，以及履带，漫游车和仿生机器人）及其修改后的设计如何用于外海探索。