Purpose. Pain experience due to spinal degenerative disease decreases activity of daily living and quality of life. The present cross-sectional study was aimed at examining the sex-specific impact of pain severity, psychosocial factors, and insomnia on the disability due to chronic pain arising from spinal degenerative disease. Methods. In total, 111 outpatients with chronic spinal degenerative on initial diagnosis were analyzed. The definition of chronic spinal degenerative disease was (1) pain duration ≥3 months, (2) findings of nerve root compression on neurological examination and imaging, and (3) localized neck or lower back pain (not widespread, upper or lower limb pain). We used Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), Pain Disability Assessment Scale (PDAS), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), and Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) to assess patients. Univariate regression analysis was performed to investigate whether sex influences the PDAS score, and sex-stratified multivariate regression analysis was conducted to identify the variables associated with the PDAS score. Results. Sex was identified as a predictor of the PDAS score (standardized coefficient (β) = 0.28; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.10–0.46; ). In men, the AIS score was associated with PDAS (β = 0.36, 95% CI 0.09–0.63). Age (β = 0.31, 95% CI 0.06–0.55) and NRS (β = 0.40, 95% CI 0.14–0.67) were associated with PDAS in women. HADS-A, HADS-D, and PCS were not associated with PDAS in both sexes. Conclusion. Insomnia was associated with disability in men, whereas aging and pain severity were associated with disability in women. Catastrophic thinking was not associated with disability in both sexes.

中文翻译：

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疼痛严重程度，失眠和社会心理因素对脊髓退行性疾病致残的性别影响

目的。脊柱退行性疾病引起的疼痛经历会降低日常生活活动和生活质量。目前的横断面研究旨在检查疼痛严重程度，社会心理因素和失眠对因脊髓退行性疾病引起的慢性疼痛所致的残疾的性别特异性影响。方法。总共分析了111例初诊时患有慢性脊髓退行性疾病的患者。慢性脊柱退行性疾病的定义是：（1）疼痛持续时间≥3个月，（2）在神经科检查和影像学检查中发现神经根受压，（3）局部颈部或下背部疼痛（不广泛，上肢或下肢疼痛） ）。我们使用了数字评分量表（NRS），疼痛残疾评估量表（PDAS），医院焦虑和抑郁量表（HADS），疼痛灾难性量表（PCS）和雅典失眠量表（AIS）来评估患者。进行单变量回归分析以调查性别是否影响PDAS评分，并进行性别分层的多元回归分析以识别与PDAS评分相关的变量。结果。性别被确定为PDAS评分的预测指标（标准系数（β）= 0.28； 95％置信区间（CI），0.10-0.46; ）。在男性中，AIS评分与PDAS相关（β  = 0.36，95％CI 0.09–0.63）。年龄（β  = 0.31，95％CI 0.06-0.55）和NRS（β  = 0.40，95％CI 0.14-0.67）与女性PDAS相关。HADS-A，HADS-D和PCS在男女中均与PDAS不相关。结论。失眠与男性残疾有关，而衰老和疼痛严重程度与女性残疾有关。灾难性思维与两性的残疾都不相关。