Water quality criteria are the scientific basis for formulating water quality standards and environmental management practices. Due to the development of urbanization and industrialization, the problem of heavy metal pollution has become a serious environmental problem. Heavy metals not only have major impacts on aquatic organisms, but also seriously threaten human health. However, the current environmental criteria refer to the maximum value limitations of environmental factors in environmental media where harmful or detrimental effects are not produced on specific protected objects. This study reviewed the sources, hazard levels, toxic effect mechanisms, and the current research status of China’s water quality criteria for heavy metal pollutants. In addition, the focus and direction of future research on the toxic effects of heavy metal on aquatic organisms and the necessary criteria changes were discussed. The present study would provide an important theoretical basis for the future research of water quality criteria and risk assessment of heavy metal pollutants.

中文翻译：

---

我国重金属对淡水生物的毒性作用机制及其水质标准研究进展

水质标准是制定水质标准和环境管理实践的科学依据。由于城市化和工业化的发展，重金属污染问题已成为严重的环境问题。重金属不仅对水生生物产生重大影响，而且严重威胁人类健康。但是，目前的环境标准是指环境介质中环境因素的最大值限制，即不会对特定保护对象产生有害或不利影响。本研究综述了我国重金属污染物水质标准的来源、危害程度、毒性作用机制和研究现状。此外，讨论了重金属对水生生物的毒性影响的未来研究重点和方向以及必要的标准变化。本研究将为今后水质标准和重金属污染物风险评估的研究提供重要的理论依据。