Physiological behaviours such as the sleep-wake cycle and exploratory behaviours are important parameters in intact and sham-operated animals and are usually thought to be unaffected by experimental protocols in which neurosurgery is performed. However, there is insufficient evidence in the literature on the behavioural and cognitive effects observed after deep microelectrode implantation surgery in animal models of neurological diseases. Similarly, in studies that utilize animal models of neurological diseases, the impact of surgery on the pathological phenomena being studied is often minimized. Based on these considerations, we performed a temporal analysis of the effects of deep microelectrode implantation surgery in the hippocampus of rats on quiet wakefulness, sleep, and exploratory activity and the pathological behaviours such as convulsive seizures according to the Racine scale. Male Wistar rats (210-300 g) were used and grouped in sham and epileptic animals. Single doses of pilocarpine hydrochloride (2.4 mg/2 μl; i.c.v.) were administered to the animals to generate spontaneous and recurrent seizures. Deep microelectrode implantation surgeries in both groups and analysis of Fast ripples were performed. Physiological and pathological behaviours were recorded through direct video monitoring of animals (24/7). Our principal findings showed that in epileptic animals, one of the main behaviours affected by surgery is sleep; as a consequence of this behavioural change, a decrease in exploratory activity was also found as well as the mean time spent daily in seizures of scale 4 and the number of seizure events of scales 4 and 5 was increased after surgery. No significant correlations between the occurrence of FR and seizure events of scale 4 (rho 0.63, value 0.25) or 5 (rho -0.7, value 0.18) were observed. In conclusion, microelectrode implantation surgeries modified some physiological and pathological behaviours; therefore, it is important to consider this fact when it is working with animal models.

中文翻译：

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大鼠深部微电极植入手术产生的生理和病理行为的变化：时间分析

在完整和假手术的动物中，诸如睡眠-觉醒周期和探索行为之类的生理行为是重要的参数，并且通常被认为不受进行神经外科手术的实验方案的影响。但是，在神经疾病动物模型中，深微电极植入手术后观察到的行为和认知作用的文献不足。类似地，在利用神经系统疾病动物模型的研究中，手术对所研究的病理现象的影响通常被最小化。基于这些考虑，我们对大鼠海马深层微电极植入手术对安静觉醒，睡眠，Racine量表的探索活动和病理行为，例如惊厥性癫痫发作。使用雄性Wistar大鼠（210-300g），并在假动物和癫痫动物中分组。单剂盐酸匹罗卡品（2.4 mg / 2 μ升; icv）给予动物以自发和反复发作。两组均进行了深层微电极植入手术，并进行了快速波纹分析。通过对动物进行直接视频监控来记录其生理和病理行为（24/7）。我们的主要发现表明，在癫痫动物中，受外科手术影响的主要行为之一是睡眠。由于这种行为的改变，还发现探索活动的减少以及每天在标度4的发作中花费的平均时间，并且标度4和5的发作事件的数目在手术后增加。FR的发生与4级（rho 0.63，值0.25）或5（rho -0.7，rho，值0.18）。总之，微电极植入手术改变了一些生理和病理行为。因此，在处理动物模型时考虑这一事实很重要。