This study investigates the performance of the latest version of RegCM4 in simulating summer precipitation over South Korea, comparing nine sensitivity experiments with different combinations of convective parameterization schemes (CPSs) between land and ocean. In addition to the gross pattern of seasonal and monthly mean precipitation, the northward propagation of the intense precipitation band and statistics from extreme daily precipitation are thoroughly evaluated against gridded and in situ station observations. The comparative analysis of 10-year simulations demonstrates that no CPS shows superiority in both quantitative and qualitative aspects. Furthermore, a nontrivial discrepancy among the different observation datasets makes a robust assessment of model performance difficult. Regardless of the CPS over the ocean, the simulations with the Kain–Fritsch scheme over land show a severe dry bias, whereas the simulations with the Tiedtke scheme over land suffer from a limited accuracy in reproducing spatial distributions due to the excessive orographic precipitation. In general, the simulations with the Emanuel scheme over land are better at capturing the major characteristics of summer precipitation over South Korea, despite not all statistical metrics showing the best performance. When applying the Emanuel scheme to both land and the ocean, precipitation tends to be slightly overestimated. This deficiency can be alleviated by using either the Tiedtke or Kain–Fritsch schemes over the ocean instead. As few studies have applied and evaluated the Tiedtke and Kain–Fritsch schemes to the Korean region within the RegCM framework, and this study introduces the potential of these new CPSs compared with the more frequently selected Emanuel scheme, which is particularly beneficial to RegCM users.

中文翻译：

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RegCM4中韩国夏季降水对对流参数化的敏感性：最新评估

这项研究调查了RegCM4最新版本在模拟韩国夏季降水方面的性能，并比较了陆地和海洋之间具有对流参数化方案（CPS）不同组合的九个敏感性实验。除了季节性和月平均降水量的总体模式外，还针对网格和实地观测资料，全面评估了强降水带的北向传播和极端日降水量的统计数据。对10年模拟的比较分析表明，没有CPS在数量和质量方面都表现出优势。此外，不同观测数据集之间的不平凡差异使得很难对模型性能进行可靠的评估。不论海上的CPS，土地上的Kain-Fritsch方案的模拟显示了严重的干偏，而土地上的Tiedtke方案的模拟由于过多的地形降水而在再现空间分布方面的准确性受到了限制。总的来说，尽管并非所有统计指标都显示出最佳性能，但用伊曼纽尔方案对陆地进行的模拟能更好地捕捉韩国夏季降水的主要特征。当将伊曼纽尔方案同时应用于陆地和海洋时，降水量往往会被高估。可以通过在海洋上使用Tiedtke方案或Kain-Fritsch方案来缓解这种不足。由于很少有研究在RegCM框架内将Tiedtke和Kain-Fritsch方案应用于韩国地区，