In this paper, we have reported a novel photocatalytic study of vanadium-doped SnO2 nanoparticles (SnO2: V NPs) in rhodamine B degradation. These NPs have been prepared with vanadium concentrations varying from 0% to 4% via the coprecipitation method. Structural, morphological, and optical properties of the prepared nanoparticles have been investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscope (TEM), and UV-Vis and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. Structural properties showed that both undoped and SnO2: V NPs exhibited the tetragonal structure, and the average crystal size has been decreased from 20 nm to 10 nm with the increasing doping level of vanadium. Optical studies showed that the absorption edge of SnO2: V NPs showed a redshift with the increasing vanadium concentration. This redshift leads to the decrease in the optical band gap from 3.25 eV to 2.55 eV. A quenching in luminescence intensity has been observed in SnO2: V NPs, as compared to the undoped sample. Rhodamine B dye (RhB) has been used to study the photocatalytic degradation of all synthesized NPs. As compared to undoped SnO2 NPs, the photocatalytic activity of SnO2: V NPs has been improved. RhB dye was considerably degraded by 95% within 150 min over on the SnO2: V NPs.

中文翻译：

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钒掺杂的 SnO2 纳米颗粒在罗丹明 B 降解中的增强光催化活性

在本文中，我们报道了钒掺杂的 SnO2 纳米颗粒（SnO2：V NPs）在罗丹明 B 降解中的新型光催化研究。这些纳米颗粒是通过共沉淀法制备的，钒浓度从 0% 到 4%。通过 X 射线衍射 (XRD)、傅里叶变换红外 (FTIR) 光谱、透射电子显微镜 (TEM)、紫外-可见光和光致发光 (PL) 光谱研究了制备的纳米颗粒的结构、形态和光学性质。结构特性表明，未掺杂和 SnO2:V NPs 均表现出四方结构，随着钒掺杂水平的增加，平均晶体尺寸从 20 nm 减小到 10 nm。光学研究表明，随着钒浓度的增加，SnO2:V NPs 的吸收边缘显示出红移。这种红移导致光学带隙从 3.25 eV 减小到 2.55 eV。与未掺杂的样品相比，在 SnO2:V NPs 中观察到了发光强度的猝灭。罗丹明 B 染料 (RhB) 已被用于研究所有合成纳米颗粒的光催化降解。与未掺杂的 SnO2 NPs 相比，SnO2:V NPs 的光催化活性得到了提高。在 SnO2: V NPs 上，RhB 染料在 150 分钟内显着降解了 95%。