当前位置: X-MOL 学术Environ. Sci.: Water Res. Technol. › 论文详情
Our official English website, www.x-mol.net, welcomes your feedback! (Note: you will need to create a separate account there.)
Tracking the formation of new brominated disinfection by-products during the seawater desalination process
Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology ( IF 3.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-01 , DOI: 10.1039/d0ew00426j
Leanne C. Powers 1, 2, 3, 4 , Annaleise Conway 1, 2, 3, 4 , Carys L. Mitchelmore 1, 2, 3, 4 , Stephen J. Fleischacker 5, 6, 7 , Mourad Harir 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 , Danielle C. Westerman 13, 14, 15, 16 , Jean Philippe Croué 17, 18, 19, 20 , Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 , Susan D. Richardson 13, 14, 15, 16 , Michael Gonsior 1, 2, 3, 4
Affiliation  

Several areas around the world rely on seawater desalination to meet drinking water needs, but a detailed analysis of dissolved organic matter (DOM) changes and disinfection by-product (DBP) formation due to chlorination during the desalination processes has yet to be evaluated. To that end, DOM composition was analyzed in samples collected from a desalination plant using bulk measurements (e.g. dissolved organic carbon, total dissolved nitrogen, total organic bromine), absorbance and fluorescence spectroscopy, and ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). Water samples collected after chlorination (e.g. post pretreatment (PT), reverse osmosis (RO) reject (brine wastewater) (BW), RO permeate (ROP), and drinking water (DW)), revealed that chlorination resulted in decreases in absorbance and increases in fluorescence apparent quantum yield spectra. All parameters measured were low or below detection in ROP and in DW. However, total solid phase extractable (Bond Elut Priority PolLutant (PPL) cartridges) organic bromine concentrations increased significantly in PT and BW samples and HRMS analysis revealed 392 molecular ions containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, bromine (CHOBr) and 107 molecular ions containing CHOBr + sulfur (CHOSBr) in BW PPL extracts. A network analysis between supposed DBP precursors suggested that the formation of CHOBr formulas could be explained largely by electrophilic substitution reactions, but also HOBr addition reactions. The reactions of sulfur containing compounds are more complex, and CHOSBr could possibly be due to the bromination of surfactant degradation products like sulfophenyl carboxylic acids (SPC) or even hydroxylated SPCs. Despite the identification of hundreds of DBPs, BW did not show any acute or chronic toxicity to mysid shrimp. High resolution MS/MS analysis was used to propose structures for highly abundant bromine-containing molecular formulas but given the complexity of DOM and DBPs found in this study, future work analyzing desalination samples during different times of year (e.g. during algal blooms) and during different treatments is warranted.

中文翻译:

跟踪海水淡化过程中新的溴化消毒副产物的形成

世界上有几个地区都依靠海水淡化来满足饮用水的需求,但是尚未对脱盐过程中由于氯化作用导致的溶解有机物(DOM)变化和消毒副产物(DBP)形成的详细分析进行评估。为此,使用大量测量(例如,溶解的有机碳,总溶解的氮,总有机溴),吸光度和荧光光谱以及超高分辨率质谱(HRMS),对从海水淡化厂收集的样品中的DOM成分进行了分析。氯化后收集的水样(例如预处理(PT),反渗透(RO)废品(盐水)(BW),渗透液(ROP)和饮用水(DW))显示,氯化导致吸收率降低,荧光表观量子产率谱增加。测量的所有参数均低于或低于ROP和DW中的检测值。然而,在PT和BW样品中,固相可萃取(Bond Elut Priority PolLutant(PPL)弹药筒)中有机溴的总浓度显着增加,HRM​​S分析显示392个分子离子包含碳,氢,氧,溴(CHOBr)和107个分子离子包含CHOBr BW PPL提取物中的+硫(CHOSBr)。假设的DBP前体之间的网络分析表明,CHOBr分子式的形成很大程度上可以通过亲电取代反应来解释,也可以通过HOBr加成反应来解释。含硫化合物的反应更为复杂,而CHOSBr可能是由于表面活性剂降解产物(如磺基苯基羧酸(SPC)甚至羟基化SPC)的溴化所致。尽管已鉴定出数百种DBP,但BW对虾类虾没有显示任何急性或慢性毒性。高分辨率MS / MS分析用于提出高度丰富的含溴分子式的结构,但鉴于本研究中发现的DOM和DBP的复杂性,今后在每年不同时间分析淡化样品的工作(BW对虾类虾没有显示任何急性或慢性毒性。高分辨率MS / MS分析用于提出高度丰富的含溴分子式的结构,但鉴于本研究中发现的DOM和DBP的复杂性,今后在每年不同时间分析淡化样品的工作(BW对虾类虾没有显示任何急性或慢性毒性。高分辨率MS / MS分析用于提出高度丰富的含溴分子式的结构,但鉴于本研究中发现的DOM和DBP的复杂性,今后在每年不同时间分析淡化样品的工作(例如在藻华期间)和在不同的处理过程中是有保证的。
更新日期:2020-06-01
down
wechat
bug