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Comparison of the dietary bioavailability of copper sulphate and copper oxide nanomaterials in ex vivo gut sacs of rainbow trout: effects of low pH and amino acids in the lumen
Environmental Science: Nano ( IF 5.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-01 , DOI: 10.1039/d0en00095g David Boyle 1, 2, 3, 4 , Nathaniel J. Clark 1, 2, 3, 4 , Tarryn L. Botha 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 , Richard D. Handy 1, 2, 3, 4, 10
Environmental Science: Nano ( IF 5.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-01 , DOI: 10.1039/d0en00095g David Boyle 1, 2, 3, 4 , Nathaniel J. Clark 1, 2, 3, 4 , Tarryn L. Botha 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 , Richard D. Handy 1, 2, 3, 4, 10
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Diet is an important exposure pathway of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) in fish, but the long duration of in vivo toxicity tests is a barrier to hazard assessment. This study used ex vivo gut sacs from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to compare the bioaccumulation of Cu from CuO ENMs with CuSO4 in the tissue layers of the gut after short-term (4 h) exposure. The effect of gut lumen conditions such as pH and the presence of amino acids on the behaviour and dissolution of the CuO ENMs was explored and how amino acids (cysteine, histidine) altered bioaccumulation in the gut sacs. Exposure to either CuSO4 or CuO ENMs at pH 7.8 resulted in Cu accumulation in the mucosa of gut sacs prepared from the stomach, anterior-, mid- and posterior-regions of the gut when compared to saline only controls. In contrast, only CuSO4 accumulated in the underlying muscularis which suggests transepithelial transport of CuO ENMs may be limited. Dialysis experiments showed that at pH 2, typical of the stomach, more than 90% of the Cu from the CuO ENMs became dissolved suggesting that the particulate is transformed to dissolved metal for most of the gastrointestinal tract. Amino acids greatly increased ENM dissolution, and in the gut sacs, L-cysteine caused elevated Cu accumulation in the muscularis after exposure to CuO ENMs at pH 7.8. In conclusion, CuO ENMs have lower bioavailability than CuSO4 in gut sacs, but dissolution of ENMs in the gut can lead to dissolved Cu accumulation in fish.
中文翻译：
虹鳟鱼离体肠道囊中硫酸铜和氧化铜纳米材料的饮食生物利用度比较：管腔中低pH和氨基酸的影响
饮食是鱼类中工程化纳米材料（ENM）的重要暴露途径，但体内毒性试验时间长是危害评估的障碍。这项研究使用虹鳟（Oncorhynchus mykiss）的离体肠道囊比较了短期（4 h）暴露后肠道组织层中CuO ENM和CuSO 4对Cu的生物蓄积。探讨了肠道内腔条件（例如pH和氨基酸的存在）对CuO ENMs行为和溶解的影响，以及氨基酸（半胱氨酸，组氨酸）如何改变肠道囊中的生物蓄积。暴露于任一CuSO 4与仅含盐的对照组相比，pH 7.8的CuO ENM或CuO ENM导致从胃，肠的前部，中部和后部区域制备的肠囊粘膜中的Cu积累。相反，仅潜在的肌层中积累的CuSO 4可能受到限制，这表明CuO ENMs的跨上皮运输。透析实验表明，在通常为胃的pH值为2的情况下，来自CuO ENM的Cu超过90％溶解，这表明该颗粒在大多数胃肠道中都转化为溶解的金属。氨基酸极大地增加了ENM的溶解度，在肠囊中，L-半胱氨酸在pH 7.8的CuO ENMs中暴露后，导致肌层中Cu积累增加。总之，CuO ENMs的生物利用度低于CuSO肠道囊中有4种，但是肠内ENM的溶解会导致鱼类中溶解的Cu积累。
更新日期：2020-07-16
中文翻译：
虹鳟鱼离体肠道囊中硫酸铜和氧化铜纳米材料的饮食生物利用度比较：管腔中低pH和氨基酸的影响
饮食是鱼类中工程化纳米材料（ENM）的重要暴露途径，但体内毒性试验时间长是危害评估的障碍。这项研究使用虹鳟（Oncorhynchus mykiss）的离体肠道囊比较了短期（4 h）暴露后肠道组织层中CuO ENM和CuSO 4对Cu的生物蓄积。探讨了肠道内腔条件（例如pH和氨基酸的存在）对CuO ENMs行为和溶解的影响，以及氨基酸（半胱氨酸，组氨酸）如何改变肠道囊中的生物蓄积。暴露于任一CuSO 4与仅含盐的对照组相比，pH 7.8的CuO ENM或CuO ENM导致从胃，肠的前部，中部和后部区域制备的肠囊粘膜中的Cu积累。相反，仅潜在的肌层中积累的CuSO 4可能受到限制，这表明CuO ENMs的跨上皮运输。透析实验表明，在通常为胃的pH值为2的情况下，来自CuO ENM的Cu超过90％溶解，这表明该颗粒在大多数胃肠道中都转化为溶解的金属。氨基酸极大地增加了ENM的溶解度，在肠囊中，L-半胱氨酸在pH 7.8的CuO ENMs中暴露后，导致肌层中Cu积累增加。总之，CuO ENMs的生物利用度低于CuSO肠道囊中有4种，但是肠内ENM的溶解会导致鱼类中溶解的Cu积累。
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