The X inactive-specific transcript (Xist) gene is the master regulator of X chromosome inactivation in mammals. Xist produces a long noncoding (lnc)RNA that accumulates over the entire length of the chromosome from which it is transcribed, recruiting factors to modify underlying chromatin and silence X-linked genes in cis. Recent years have seen significant progress in identifying important functional elements in Xist RNA, their associated RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), and the downstream pathways for chromatin modification and gene silencing. In this review, we summarize progress in understanding both how these pathways function in Xist-mediated silencing and the complex interplay between them.

中文翻译：

---

通过Xist RNA了解染色体沉默的进展。

X失活特异性转录本（Xist）基因是哺乳动物X染色体失活的主要调控因子。Xist产生一个长的非编码（lnc）RNA，该RNA会在转录该染色体的整个长度上积累，从而募集因子来修饰潜在的染色质并沉默顺式X连锁基因。近年来，在鉴定Xist RNA的重要功能元件，其相关的RNA结合蛋白（RBP）以及染色质修饰和基因沉默的下游途径方面，已经取得了重大进展。在这篇综述中，我们总结了了解这些途径在Xist介导的沉默中如何起作用以及它们之间复杂的相互作用的进展。