Background: The corpus callosum is the largest white matter pathway in the brain connecting the left and the right hemispheres. Developmental absence of the corpus callosum is a model disease for exploring disrupted connectivity and in turn understanding plasticity of the human brain, with atypically developing structure and function resulting in a highly heterogeneous clinical and cognitive profile. A proposed candidate for neuroplastic response in the context of this brain malformation is strengthening of intra-hemispheric pathways. Methods: To test this hypothesis, we assessed structural and functional connectivity at the whole-brain and regional level in a uniquely large cohort of children with agenesis of the corpus callosum (AgCC, n=20) compared with typically developing controls (TDC, n=29), and then examined associations with neurobehavioural outcomes using a multivariate data-driven approach. Results: For structural connectivity, children with AgCC showed a significant increase in intra-hemispheric connectivity in addition to a significant decrease in inter-hemispheric connectivity compared with TDC. In contrast, for functional connectivity, children with AgCC and TDC showed a similar pattern of intra-hemispheric and inter-hemispheric connectivity. In AgCC, structural strengthening of the intra-hemispheric pathway was uniquely associated with verbal learning and memory, attention and executive measures. Conclusions: We observed structural strengthening of intra-hemispheric pathways in children born without corpus callosum, which seems to allow for functional connectivity comparable to a typically developing brain, and were relevant to explain neurobehavioural outcomes in this population. This neuroplasticity might be relevant to other disorders of axonal guidance, and developmental disorders in which corpus callosum alteration is observed.

中文翻译：

---

结构性神经增生性反应可保持无without体出生的儿童的功能连接性和神经行为结果

背景：call体是连接左半球和右半球的大脑中最大的白质途径。call体发育不全是一种模型疾病，可用于探索破坏性的连通性并进而了解人脑的可塑性，具有非典型的结构和功能，从而导致高度异质的临床和认知特征。在这种脑畸形的背景下，建议的神经塑形反应候选者是加强半球内通路。方法：为了验证这一假设，我们评估了一个独特的大型儿童the体发育不全（AgCC，n = 20）与典型发育对照（TDC，n）相比，在全脑和区域水平的结构和功能连接性= 29），然后使用多元数据驱动的方法检查与神经行为预后的关联。结果：就结构连通性而言，与TDC相比，AgCC儿童的半球内连通性显着增加，而半球间连通性也显着降低。相比之下，就功能连接而言，患有AgCC和TDC的儿童在半球内和半球之间的连接表现出相似的模式。在AgCC中，半球内通路的结构增强与言语学习和记忆，注意力和执行措施有着独特的联系。结论：我们观察到无without体出生的儿童半球内通路的结构增强，这似乎可以使功能连通性与典型发育中的大脑相媲美，并与解释该人群的神经行为学结果有关。这种神经可塑性可能与其他轴突引导疾病和观察到call体改变的发育障碍有关。