Evidence indicates that Antarctic minke whales (AMWs) in the Ross Sea affect the foraging behaviour, especially diet, of sympatric Adélie penguins (ADPEs) by, we hypothesize, influencing the availability of prey they have in common, mainly crystal krill. To further investigate this interaction, we undertook a study in McMurdo Sound during 2012–2013 and 2014–2015 using telemetry and biologging of whales and penguins, shore-based observations and quantification of the preyscape. The 3D distribution and density of prey were assessed using a remotely operated vehicle deployed along and to the interior of the fast-ice edge where AMWs and ADPEs focused their foraging. Acoustic surveys of prey and foraging behaviour of predators indicate that prey remained abundant under the fast ice, becoming successively available to air-breathing predators only as the fast ice retreated. Over both seasons, the ADPE diet included less krill and more Antarctic silverfish once AMWs became abundant, but the penguins' foraging behaviour (i.e. time spent foraging, dive depth, distance from colony) did not change. In addition, over time, krill abundance decreased in the upper water column near the ice edge, consistent with the hypothesis (and previously gathered information) that AMW and ADPE foraging contributed to an alteration of prey availability.

中文翻译：

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罗斯海麦克默多海峡南极小须鲸的觅食模式

有证据表明，罗斯海中的南极小须鲸 (AMW) 会影响同域阿德利企鹅 (ADPE) 的觅食行为，尤其是饮食，我们假设，这会影响它们共有的猎物的可用性，主要是水晶磷虾。为了进一步研究这种相互作用，我们在 2012-2013 年和 2014-2015 年期间在 McMurdo Sound 进行了一项研究，使用了鲸鱼和企鹅的遥测和生物记录、岸基观察和猎物量化。使用远程操作的车辆评估猎物的 3D 分布和密度，该车辆部署在 AMW 和 ADPE 集中觅食的快冰边缘及其内部。对猎物和捕食者觅食行为的声学调查表明，在坚冰下，猎物仍然很丰富，只有当坚冰消退时，才会被呼吸空气的捕食者接连使用。在这两个季节，一旦 AMWs 变得丰富，ADPE 饮食包括更少的磷虾和更多的南极银鱼，但企鹅的觅食行为（即觅食时间、潜水深度、与殖民地的距离）没有改变。此外，随着时间的推移，冰缘附近上层水柱的磷虾丰度下降，这与 AMW 和 ADPE 觅食导致猎物可用性改变的假设（以及先前收集的信息）一致。