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Papuan mitochondrial genomes and the settlement of Sahul.
Journal of Human Genetics ( IF 2.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-01 , DOI: 10.1038/s10038-020-0781-3
Nicole Pedro 1, 2 , Nicolas Brucato 3 , Veronica Fernandes 1, 2 , Mathilde André 3, 4 , Lauri Saag 4 , William Pomat 5 , Céline Besse 6 , Anne Boland 6 , Jean-François Deleuze 6 , Chris Clarkson 7 , Herawati Sudoyo 8 , Mait Metspalu 4 , Mark Stoneking 9 , Murray P Cox 10 , Matthew Leavesley 11, 12, 13 , Luisa Pereira 1, 2 , François-Xavier Ricaut 3
Affiliation  

New Guineans represent one of the oldest locally continuous populations outside Africa, harboring among the greatest linguistic and genetic diversity on the planet. Archeological and genetic evidence suggest that their ancestors reached Sahul (present day New Guinea and Australia) by at least 55,000 years ago (kya). However, little is known about this early settlement phase or subsequent dispersal and population structuring over the subsequent period of time. Here we report 379 complete Papuan mitochondrial genomes from across Papua New Guinea, which allow us to reconstruct the phylogenetic and phylogeographic history of northern Sahul. Our results support the arrival of two groups of settlers in Sahul within the same broad time window (50–65 kya), each carrying a different set of maternal lineages and settling Northern and Southern Sahul separately. Strong geographic structure in northern Sahul remains visible today, indicating limited dispersal over time despite major climatic, cultural, and historical changes. However, following a period of isolation lasting nearly 20 ky after initial settlement, environmental changes postdating the Last Glacial Maximum stimulated diversification of mtDNA lineages and greater interactions within and beyond Northern Sahul, to Southern Sahul, Wallacea and beyond. Later, in the Holocene, populations from New Guinea, in contrast to those of Australia, participated in early interactions with incoming Asian populations from Island Southeast Asia and continuing into Oceania.



中文翻译:

巴布亚线粒体基因组和Sahul的定居点。

新几内亚人是非洲以外地区最古老的本地人口之一,在地球上拥有最大的语言和遗传多样性。考古和遗传学证据表明,他们的祖先至少在55,000年前就到达了Sahul(今新几内亚和澳大利亚)。但是,对于这个早期定居阶段或随后一段时间内的后续分散和人口结构知之甚少。在这里,我们报告了巴布亚新几内亚各地的379个完整的巴布亚线粒体基因组,这使我们能够重建北部Sahul的系统发生和系统历史。我们的结果支持了两组定居者在相同的较宽的时间范围内(50-65 kya)到达了Sahul,每个人都有不同的母系血统,分别安置在南北Sahul。如今,仍然可以看到萨胡尔北部强大的地理结构,尽管气候,文化和历史发生了重大变化,但随着时间的流逝,分布有限。但是,在最初定居后的隔离期持续了近20 ky之后,最后冰川期之后的环境变化刺激了mtDNA谱系的多样化,并在北部Sahul内外,南部Sahul,Wallacea内外产生了更大的相互作用。后来,在全新世时期,与澳大利亚相反,新几内亚的人口参与了与来自东南亚岛屿并进入大洋洲的亚洲新移民的早期互动。尽管气候,文化和历史发生了重大变化,但随着时间的流逝散布有限。但是,在最初定居后的隔离期持续了近20 ky之后,最后冰川期之后的环境变化刺激了mtDNA谱系的多样化,并在北部Sahul内外,南部Sahul,Wallacea内外产生了更大的相互作用。后来,在全新世时期,与澳大利亚相反,新几内亚的人口参与了与来自东南亚岛屿并进入大洋洲的亚洲新移民的早期互动。尽管气候,文化和历史发生了重大变化,但随着时间的流逝散布有限。但是,在最初定居后的隔离期持续了近20 ky之后,最后冰川期之后的环境变化刺激了mtDNA谱系的多样化,并在北部Sahul内外,南部Sahul,Wallacea内外产生了更大的相互作用。后来,在全新世时期,与澳大利亚相反,新几内亚的人口参与了与来自东南亚岛屿并进入大洋洲的亚洲新移民的早期互动。末次冰河世纪之后的环境变化刺激了mtDNA谱系的多样化,并在北部Sahul,南部Sahul,华莱士及其他地区内外产生了更大的相互作用。后来,在全新世,与澳大利亚相反,新几内亚的人口与来自东南亚岛屿并进入大洋洲的亚洲新移民进行了早期交流。末次冰河世纪之后的环境变化刺激了mtDNA谱系的多样化,并在北部Sahul,南部Sahul,华莱士及其他地区内外产生了更大的相互作用。后来,在全新世时期,与澳大利亚相反,新几内亚的人口参与了与来自东南亚岛屿并进入大洋洲的亚洲新移民的早期互动。

更新日期:2020-06-01
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