Direct electron transfer at microbial anodes offers high energy conversion efficiency but relies on low concentrations of redox centers on bacterium membranes resulting in low power density. Here a heat-treatment is used to delicately tune nitrogen-doping for atomic matching with Flavin (a diffusive mediator) reaction sites resulting in strong adsorption and conversion of diffusive mediators to anchored redox centers. This impregnates highly concentrated fixed redox centers in the microbes-loaded biofilm electrode. This atomic matching enables short electron transfer pathways resulting in fast, direct electrochemistry as shown in Shewanella putrefaciens (S. putrefaciens) based microbial fuel cells (MFCs), showing a maximum power output higher than the conventional non-matched nitrogen-doped anode based MFCs by 21 times. This work sheds a light on diffusion mediation for fast direct electrochemistry, while holding promise for efficient and high power MFCs.

微生物阳极的直接电子转移提供了高能量转换效率，但依赖于细菌膜上低浓度的氧化还原中心，导致低功率密度。在这里，热处理用于精细调整氮掺杂以与黄素（一种扩散介体）反应位点进行原子匹配，从而产生强烈的吸附作用并将扩散介体转化为锚定的氧化还原中心。这会在载有微生物的生物膜电极中浸渍高度浓缩的固定氧化还原中心。这种原子匹配可实现较短的电子转移路径，从而产生快速、直接的电化学，如Shewanella putrefaciens ( S. putrefaciens )）基微生物燃料电池（MFCs），显示出比传统非匹配氮掺杂阳极基MFCs高21倍的最大功率输出。这项工作揭示了快速直接电化学的扩散中介，同时为高效和高功率 MFC 带来了希望。