BACKGROUND Inappropriate disposal of herb residues in China has caused major problems for the immediate environment and to human safety. Here, three herb residues, Compound Kushen Injection (CKI), Qizhi Tongluo Capsule (QTC), and ShenbaiShuxin Capsule (SSC), were applied as substrates to corncob (CC) at various ratios (30:60, 45:45, and 60:30) for the propagation of the mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus. The effects of supplementation using herb residues on yield, biodegradation ability, bioactive compounds, antioxidant properties, and safety of P. ostreatus were assessed. RESULTS Different spawn running times were observed using growth medium, whereas 45CKI, 60QTC and 30SSC media were determined as optimal performing substrate combinations, resulting in yields of 843, 828, and 715 g kg-1 , respectively. Biodegradation analysis of consumed substrates revealed a significant decrease in cellulose and hemicellulose levels compared with lignin. Furthermore, chemical analysis of fruiting bodies revealed that the 45CKI and 60QTC substrates resulted in higher total phenol, flavonoid, terpenoid, and vitamin C levels, but significantly reduced water-soluble polysaccharides compared with the CC medium. The methanol extract of fruiting bodies grown on substrates containing herb residues exhibited higher antioxidant properties than the control, as it was more effective in scavenging DPPH radicals, had greater reducing power, and more strongly inhibiting lipid peroxidation. Furthermore, HPLC studies indicated that fruiting bodies did not generate matrine (a specific toxin produced in Kushen) when cultivated using the CKI substrate. CONCLUSIONS P. ostreatus cultivation on substrates mixed with herb residues facilitates herb residue management as well as bioactivity-rich and non-toxic fruit body formation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

中文翻译：

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在添加药草残留的基质上栽培平菇——评估其对产量特性、基质降解和子实体特性的影响

背景技术我国药草残留处理不当，已对周边环境和人类安全造成重大问题。在这里，将复方苦参注射液 (CKI)、芪芝通络胶囊 (QTC) 和参白舒心胶囊 (SSC) 三种草本残留物以不同比例 (30:60、45:45 和 60) 作为底物应用于玉米芯 (CC) :30) 用于蘑菇 Pleurotus ostreatus 的繁殖。评估了使用草药残留物补充对 P. ostreatus 产量、生物降解能力、生物活性化合物、抗氧化特性和安全性的影响。结果 使用生长培养基观察到不同的产卵运行时间，而 45CKI、60QTC 和 30SSC 培养基被确定为最佳执行基质组合，产量分别为 843、828 和 715 g kg-1。消耗的底物的生物降解分析显示，与木质素相比，纤维素和半纤维素水平显着降低。此外，子实体的化学分析表明，与 CC 培养基相比，45CKI 和 60QTC 底物导致更高的总酚、黄酮类化合物、萜类化合物和维生素 C 水平，但水溶性多糖显着减少。在含有药草残留的基质上生长的子实体的甲醇提取物表现出比对照更高的抗氧化性能，因为它更有效地清除DPPH自由基，具有更大的还原能力，并且更强烈地抑制脂质过氧化。此外，HPLC 研究表明，当使用 CKI 底物培养时，子实体不会产生苦参碱（苦参产生的一种特定毒素）。结论 P。在混合有药草残留物的基质上种植 ostreatus 有利于药草残留管理以及生物活性丰富且无毒的子实体形成。本文受版权保护。版权所有。