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l ‐Carnitine protects against 1,4‐benzoquinone‐induced apoptosis and DNA damage by suppressing oxidative stress and promoting fatty acid oxidation in K562 cells
Environmental Toxicology ( IF 4.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-01 , DOI: 10.1002/tox.22939
Rongli Sun 1 , Zhaodi Man 1 , Jiahui Ji 1 , Shuangbin Ji 1 , Kai Xu 1 , Yunqiu Pu 1 , Linling Yu 1 , Juan Zhang 1 , Lihong Yin 1 , Yuepu Pu 1
Affiliation  

Widespread occupational and environmental exposure to benzene is unavoidable and poses a public health threat. Studies of potential interventions to prevent or relieve benzene toxicity are, thus, essential. Research has shown l‐carnitine (LC) has beneficial effects against various pathological processes and diseases. LC possesses antioxidant activities and participates in fatty acid oxidation (FAO). In this study, we investigated whether 1,4‐benzoquinone (1,4‐BQ) affects LC levels and the FAO pathway, as well as analyzed the influence of LC on the cytotoxic effects of 1,4‐BQ. We found that 1,4‐BQ significantly decreased LC levels and downregulated Cpt1a, Cpt2, Crat, Hadha, Acaa2, and Acadvl mRNA expression in K562 cells. Subsequent assays confirmed that 1,4‐BQ decreased cell viability and increased apoptosis and caspase‐3, ‐8, and ‐9 activities. It also induced obvious oxidative stress and DNA damage, including an increase in the levels of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde, tail DNA%, and olive tail moment. Additionally, the mitochondrial membrane potential was significantly reduced. Cotreatment with LC (500 μmol/L) relieved these alterations by reducing oxidative stress and increasing the protein expression levels of Cpt1a and Hadha, particularly in the 20 μmol/L 1,4‐BQ group. Thus, our results demonstrate that 1,4‐BQ causes cytotoxicity, reduces LC levels, and downregulates the FAO genes. In contrast, LC exhibits protective effects against 1,4‐BQ‐induced apoptosis and DNA damage by decreasing oxidative stress and promoting the FAO pathway.

中文翻译:

l-肉碱通过抑制氧化应激和促进 K562 细胞中的脂肪酸氧化来防止 1,4-苯醌诱导的细胞凋亡和 DNA 损伤

广泛的职业和环境暴露于苯是不可避免的,并且对公共健康构成威胁。因此,研究预防或减轻苯毒性的潜在干预措施是必不可少的。研究表明,左旋肉碱 (LC) 对各种病理过程和疾病具有有益作用。LC具有抗氧化活性并参与脂肪酸氧化(FAO)。在本研究中,我们调查了 1,4-苯醌 (1,4-BQ) 是否影响 LC 水平和 FAO 通路,并分析了 LC 对 1,4-BQ 细胞毒作用的影响。我们发现 1,4-BQ 显着降低 LC 水平并下调 K562 细胞中 Cpt1a、Cpt2、Crat、Hadha、Acaa2 和 Acadvl mRNA 的表达。随后的分析证实,1,4-BQ 降低了细胞活力并增加了细胞凋亡和 caspase-3、-8 和 -9 的活性。它还诱导了明显的氧化应激和 DNA 损伤,包括活性氧和丙二醛、尾 DNA% 和橄榄尾矩水平的增加。此外,线粒体膜电位显着降低。LC (500 μmol/L) 共同处理通过减少氧化应激和增加 Cpt1a 和 Hadha 的蛋白质表达水平来缓解这些改变,尤其是在 20 μmol/L 1,4-BQ 组中。因此,我们的结果表明 1,4-BQ 会导致细胞毒性、降低 LC 水平并下调 FAO 基因。相反,LC通过减少氧化应激和促进FAO途径对1,4-BQ诱导的细胞凋亡和DNA损伤具有保护作用。尾 DNA% 和橄榄尾矩。此外,线粒体膜电位显着降低。LC (500 μmol/L) 共同处理通过减少氧化应激和增加 Cpt1a 和 Hadha 的蛋白质表达水平来缓解这些改变,尤其是在 20 μmol/L 1,4-BQ 组中。因此,我们的结果表明 1,4-BQ 会导致细胞毒性、降低 LC 水平并下调 FAO 基因。相反,LC通过减少氧化应激和促进FAO途径对1,4-BQ诱导的细胞凋亡和DNA损伤具有保护作用。尾 DNA% 和橄榄尾矩。此外,线粒体膜电位显着降低。LC (500 μmol/L) 共同处理通过减少氧化应激和增加 Cpt1a 和 Hadha 的蛋白质表达水平来缓解这些改变,尤其是在 20 μmol/L 1,4-BQ 组中。因此,我们的结果表明 1,4-BQ 会导致细胞毒性、降低 LC 水平并下调 FAO 基因。相反,LC通过减少氧化应激和促进FAO途径对1,4-BQ诱导的细胞凋亡和DNA损伤具有保护作用。特别是在 20 μmol/L 1,4-BQ 组中。因此,我们的结果表明 1,4-BQ 会导致细胞毒性、降低 LC 水平并下调 FAO 基因。相反,LC通过减少氧化应激和促进FAO途径对1,4-BQ诱导的细胞凋亡和DNA损伤具有保护作用。特别是在 20 μmol/L 1,4-BQ 组中。因此,我们的结果表明 1,4-BQ 会导致细胞毒性、降低 LC 水平并下调 FAO 基因。相反,LC通过减少氧化应激和促进FAO途径对1,4-BQ诱导的细胞凋亡和DNA损伤具有保护作用。
更新日期:2020-06-01
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