This study aimed to elucidate the effects of dietary Bacillus licheniformis ATCC 11946 (BL) on the growth, immune and antioxidant activities, intestinal morphology and microbiota, and susceptibility to Vibrio parahaemolyticus (VP_AHPND) in juvenile pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei (LV). Juvenile LV (initial weight = 0.63 ± 0.001) were fed diets containing varying BL concentrations (0 (BL0), 10⁶ (BL1), 10⁷ (BL2) and 10⁸ (BL3) CFU/g feed) for 8 weeks. Growth performance, immune and antioxidant enzyme activities, and intestinal morphology significantly improved in the probiotic‐treated groups than the untreated. Regardless of the treatment group, the two dominant phyla were Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes, whereas the two dominant genera were Ruegeria and Vibrio. Increasing inclusion of probiotics in diets led to significant increase in beneficial bacterial genera (Ruegeria, and Pseudoalteromonas) and a significant decrease in some known opportunistic pathogens (Vibrio, Tenacibaculum, Photobacterium, Kangiella and Spongiimonas) with the BL3 group witnessing the best. A 7‐day challenge study with VP_AHPND showed significantly high protection in the probiotic‐treated groups, with the BL3, BL2 and BL1 obtaining 51%, 34% and 22% relative percentage survival, respectively. In conclusion, BL at 10⁸ CFU/g feed should be used to help in shrimp production since it attained the most significant improvement.

中文翻译：

---

施用益生芽孢杆菌可诱导南美白对虾的生长，免疫和抗氧化酶活性，肠道菌群装配以及对溶血弧菌的耐药性

这项研究旨在阐明饮食中的地衣芽孢杆菌ATCC 11946（BL）对少年太平洋白对虾凡纳滨对虾（LV）的生长，免疫和抗氧化活性，肠道形态和微生物群以及对副溶血弧菌（VP _AHPND）的敏感性的影响。向幼年LV（初始体重= 0.63±0.001）饲喂含有不同BL浓度（0（BL0），10 ⁶（BL1），10 ⁷（BL2）和10 ⁸（BL3）CFU /克饲料）8周。益生菌处理组的生长性能，免疫和抗氧化酶活性以及肠道形态显着改善。不论治疗组如何，两个优势种是Proteobacteria和Bacteroidetes，而两个优势属是Ruegeria和Vibrio。饮食中益生菌含量的增加导致有益细菌属（Ruegeria和Pseudoalteromonas）显着增加，某些已知的机会病原体（Vibrio，Tenacibaculum，Photobacterium，Kangiella和Spongiimonas）显着减少），而BL3小组则表现最好。一项使用VP _AHPND进行的为期7天的攻击研究显示，在经过益生菌治疗的组中，保护_作用显着增强，BL3，BL2和BL1的相对存活率分别达到51％，34％和22％。总之， 应使用10 ⁸ CFU / g饲料的BL来提高虾的产量，因为它取得了最大的进步。