Non-substance addictive behaviors may involve repetitive rewarding behaviors including gambling, gaming, sexual activities, internet-use, and buying-shopping. In addictions, there exists diminished control over participation in the behaviors and continuation of the behaviors despite experiencing negative consequences. Addictive participation in behaviors typically results in distress and functional impairment in personal, relational, occupational, educational, or other life domains. Increases in cue-reactivity and craving and decreases in inhibitory control may represent pivotal mechanisms in addictions, especially when behavior-specific cues are present. Similar to substance-use disorders, alterations in brain networks related to reward processing, executive functioning, salience attribution, and habit formation and in neurochemical pathways that may include dopamine, serotonin, opioids, and other neurotransmitters may represent neurobiological factors involved in the development and maintenance of addictive behaviors. Although there has been substantial progress in research on the neurobiologies of addictive behaviors, science is still at an early stage of understanding the potential neurobiological mechanisms related to specific non-substance addictive behaviors. Considerations for future directions in research on non-substance addictive behaviors, with a view on common and distinct neurobiological foundations of specific disorders, are discussed.

中文翻译：

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非物质成瘾行为中线索反应、渴望和抑制控制的神经生物学

非物质成瘾行为可能涉及重复的奖励行为，包括赌博、游戏、性活动、互联网使用和购物。在成瘾中，尽管经历了负面后果，但对行为参与和行为持续的控制减弱。对行为上瘾的参与通常会导致个人、关系、职业、教育或其他生活领域的痛苦和功能障碍。线索反应性和渴望的增加以及抑制控制的减少可能代表成瘾的关键机制，尤其是当存在特定行为的线索时。与物质使用障碍类似，与奖励处理、执行功能、显着性归因、和习惯形成以及可能包括多巴胺、血清素、阿片类药物和其他神经递质的神经化学通路可能代表参与成瘾行为发展和维持的神经生物学因素。尽管在成瘾行为的神经生物学研究方面取得了实质性进展，但科学仍处于了解与特定非物质成瘾行为相关的潜在神经生物学机制的早期阶段。讨论了对非物质成瘾行为研究的未来方向的考虑，以及对特定疾病的共同和不同神经生物学基础的看法。尽管在成瘾行为的神经生物学研究方面取得了实质性进展，但科学仍处于了解与特定非物质成瘾行为相关的潜在神经生物学机制的早期阶段。讨论了对非物质成瘾行为研究的未来方向的考虑，以及对特定疾病的共同和不同神经生物学基础的看法。尽管在成瘾行为的神经生物学研究方面取得了实质性进展，但科学仍处于了解与特定非物质成瘾行为相关的潜在神经生物学机制的早期阶段。讨论了对非物质成瘾行为研究的未来方向的考虑，以及对特定疾病的共同和不同神经生物学基础的看法。