The recent proliferation of consumer-level virtual reality (VR) headsets such as the HTC Vive, is creating a growing user-base in demand of highly-controlled immersive virtual environments (VEs). The authors take advantage of the commercial availability of these VR devices to build a high-rise residential buildings fire escape, which provides a highly immersive VR simulation game approach, designed to simulate pre-evacuation human reactions in fire emergencies. We replicated this fire scene in our VE using the unity3D game engine and the HTC Vive head-mounted VR display. The results gathered from this virtual simulation were compared to the data from real fire condition to test the efficacy of the information provided from this VE. Furthermore, we propose a comprehensive evaluation system for VE usability using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the fuzzy evaluation approach. Subjective responses show that our simulation-based VR was effective, realistic, and engaging. Overall, the study results confirm the efficacy of VR technology for research on people's pre-evacuation behavior under fire.

诸如HTC Vive之类的消费者级虚拟现实（VR）头戴设备的最近激增，正在建立对用户高度增长的需求，以满足对高度控制的沉浸式虚拟环境（VE）的需求。作者利用这些VR设备的商业可用性来构建高层住宅建筑物的防火通道，该通道提供了高度沉浸式的VR模拟游戏方法，旨在模拟火灾紧急情况下人员疏散前的反应。我们使用unity3D游戏引擎和HTC Vive头戴式VR显示器在VE中复制了此火灾场景。从该虚拟仿真中收集的结果与真实火灾条件下的数据进行了比较，以测试此VE提供的信息的有效性。此外，我们使用层次分析法（AHP）和模糊评估方法，提出了一个针对VE可用性的综合评估系统。主观反应表明，我们基于模拟的VR是有效，现实和引人入胜的。总体而言，研究结果证实了VR技术在研究火灾下人员的疏散前行为方面的功效。