Abstract Result- and multi-actor-oriented agri-environmental payment schemes are considered more cost-effective than action-oriented schemes in providing environmental public goods. This study analysed socio-economic determinants influencing the implementation of three types of agri-environmental scheme: action-, result- and multi-actor-oriented payment schemes. We relied on farm-level data from 2015 to 2017 retrieved from the Swiss Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) and individually linked with Swiss agricultural census data. The census data provided detailed information on the proportions of action-, result- and multi-actor-oriented ecological focus areas (EFAs) implemented on each FADN farm. We found evidence that farmers' knowledge and competences are more important for result- and multi-actor-oriented EFAs than for action-oriented schemes: farms managed by young full-time farmers with higher levels of education have significantly higher proportions of result-oriented EFAs. In addition, farmers with higher levels of education who manage larger farms have significantly higher proportions of multi-actor-oriented EFAs. Furthermore, institutional factors such as cantonal authorities strongly influenced the proportions of result- and multi-actor-oriented EFAs. In contrast, the implementation of action-oriented EFAs was strongly driven by farm type. We observed higher proportions of action-oriented EFAs for farm types where implementation led to little change in farming practices (for instance, extensive ruminant farms). This adverse selection behaviour resulting from low compliance costs was not observed for result- or multi-actor-oriented EFAs.

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在瑞士实施以行动、结果和多方为导向的农业环境计划的决定因素

摘要 在提供环境公共产品方面，结果导向型和多参与者导向型农业环境支付计划被认为比行动导向型支付计划更具成本效益。本研究分析了影响三类农业环境计划实施的社会经济决定因素：行动导向型、结果导向型和多参与者导向型支付计划。我们依赖于从瑞士农场会计数据网络 (FADN) 检索的 2015 年至 2017 年农场层面的数据，并分别与瑞士农业普查数据相关联。普查数据提供了关于在每个 FADN 农场实施的以行动、结果和多方为导向的生态重点领域 (EFA) 比例的详细信息。我们发现证据表明农民 知识和能力对于以结果为导向和多方参与的全民教育比对以行动为导向的计划更为重要：由受过高等教育的年轻全职农民管理的农场在以结果为导向的全民教育中所占的比例要高得多。此外，管理较大农场的受教育程度较高的农民在面向多方参与者的全民教育中所占的比例明显较高。此外，州当局等体制因素对注重结果和多方参与的全民教育的比例产生了强烈影响。相比之下，以行动为导向的全民教育的实施受到农场类型的强烈推动。我们观察到，在实施对农业实践几乎没有改变的农场类型中，以行动为导向的全民教育的比例更高（例如，粗放反刍农场）。