Knowledge regarding microseismic characteristics associated with longwall coal mining is crucial in evaluating the potential for underground mining hazards. Although microseismicity is induced by mining activities, it still remains uncertain as to what extent mining activities influence the spatial, temporal, and magnitude characteristics of microseismicity. To establish a thorough understanding of the relationship between microseismic characteristics and mining activities, a 27-month long microseismic monitoring campaign was conducted around a highly stressed coal zone and eight producing longwall panels at Coal Mine Velenje in Slovenia. Each microseismic event was classified to be associated with the producing longwall panel that triggered it, and the microseismic response to multi-panel longwall top coal caving face advance was analysed. Monitoring data have shown that locations of microseismic events coincided with stress concentrated regions. It was established that both seismic count and energy-intensive regions associated with coal mining in different panels are spatially connected, but they do not fully overlap with mined-out or stress concentrated areas. In addition, microseismic event counts frequency was found to be well correlated with mining intensity, while seismic energy magnitude and spatial distribution are poorly correlated with the same. Therefore, microseismic characteristics could not be explained solely by the mining-induced stress transfer and mining intensity, but are believed to be dominated by pre-existing natural fractures throughout the coal seam. Analyses of these observations helped the development of a conceptual seismic-generation model, which provides new insights into the causes of microseismicity in coal mining.

中文翻译：

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开采强度和预先存在的裂缝属性对长壁煤矿微地震时空特征和震级特征的影响

与长壁煤矿开采相关的微震特性知识对于评估地下开采危险的可能性至关重要。尽管微地震是由采矿活动诱发的，但采矿活动对微地震的空间、时间和震级特征的影响程度仍不确定。为了彻底了解微地震特征与采矿活动之间的关系，在斯洛文尼亚维伦杰煤矿的一个高压力煤区和八个生产长壁板的周围进行了为期 27 个月的微地震监测活动。每个微地震事件都被归类为与触发它的生产长壁板有关，并分析了对多板长壁顶煤工作面推进的微地震响应。监测数据表明，微震事件发生的地点与应力集中区相吻合。已经确定，不同面板中与煤矿开采相关的地震计数和能源密集区在空间上是相连的，但它们与采空区或应力集中区并不完全重叠。此外，发现微震事件计数频率与采矿强度有很好的相关性，而地震能量大小和空间分布与其相关性较差。因此，微地震特征不能仅仅由采矿引起的应力传递和采矿强度来解释，而是被认为是由整个煤层中预先存在的天然裂缝主导的。对这些观测的分析有助于开发概念性地震生成模型，