The yeast Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 is a unique, non-bacterial microorganism classified as a probiotic agent. In this review article, at first, we briefly summarized the mechanisms responsible for its probiotic properties, e.g. adhesion to and elimination of enteropathogenic microorganisms and their toxins; extracellular cleavage of pathogens’ virulent factors; trophic and anti-inflammatory effects on the intestinal mucosa. The efficacy of S. boulardii administration was tested in variety of human diseases. We discussed the results of S. boulardii CNCM I-745 use in the treatment or prevention of Helicobacter pylori infections, diarrhoea (Clostridium difficile infections, antibiotic-associated diarrhoea, and traveller’s diarrhoea), inflammatory bowel diseases, irritable bowel syndrome, candidiasis, dyslipidemia, and small intestine bacterial overgrowth in patients with multiple sclerosis. In case of limited number of studies regarding this strain, we also presented studies demonstrating properties and efficacy of other strains of S. boulardii. Administration of S. boulardii CNCMI I-745 during antibiotic therapy has certain advantage over bacterial probiotics, because—due to its fungal natural properties—it is intrinsically resistant to the antibiotics and cannot promote the spread of antimicrobial resistance. Even though cases of fungemia following S. boulardii CNCM I-745 administration were reported, it should be treated as a widely available and safe probiotic strain.

中文翻译：

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Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745：一种非细菌微生物，用作支持治疗选定疾病的益生菌剂

酵母布拉氏酵母 CNCM I-745 是一种独特的非细菌微生物，被归类为益生菌剂。在这篇综述文章中，我们首先简要总结了导致其益生菌特性的机制，例如粘附和消除肠道病原微生物及其毒素；病原体毒力因子的细胞外裂解；对肠黏膜有营养和抗炎作用。在多种人类疾病中测试了布拉氏酵母菌给药的功效。我们讨论了布拉氏酵母菌 CNCM I-745 用于治疗或预防幽门螺杆菌感染、腹泻（艰难梭菌感染、抗生素相关性腹泻和旅行者腹泻）、炎症性肠病、肠易激综合征、念珠菌病、血脂异常的结果, 和多发性硬化症患者的小肠细菌过度生长。在关于该菌株的研究数量有限的情况下，我们还介绍了展示其他布拉氏酵母菌株特性和功效的研究。在抗生素治疗期间使用 S. boulardii CNCMI I-745 比细菌益生菌具有一定优势，因为由于其真菌的天然特性，它对抗生素具有内在的抗药性，不能促进抗微生物药物耐药性的传播。尽管报告了布拉氏酵母菌 CNCM I-745 给药后的真菌血症病例，但应将其视为广泛可用且安全的益生菌菌株。我们还介绍了展示其他布拉氏酵母菌株特性和功效的研究。在抗生素治疗期间使用 S. boulardii CNCMI I-745 比细菌益生菌具有一定优势，因为由于其真菌的天然特性，它对抗生素具有内在的抗药性，不能促进抗微生物药物耐药性的传播。尽管报告了布拉氏酵母菌 CNCM I-745 给药后的真菌血症病例，但应将其视为广泛可用且安全的益生菌菌株。我们还介绍了展示其他布拉氏酵母菌株特性和功效的研究。在抗生素治疗期间使用 S. boulardii CNCMI I-745 比细菌益生菌具有一定优势，因为由于其真菌的天然特性，它对抗生素具有内在的抗药性，不能促进抗微生物药物耐药性的传播。尽管报告了布拉氏酵母菌 CNCM I-745 给药后的真菌血症病例，但应将其视为广泛可用且安全的益生菌菌株。