Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, Ahead of Print.
With this cohort, we previously demonstrated preservation of thigh lean tissue with neuromuscular electrical stimulation combined with protein supplementation (NMES+PRO) treatment during bed rest in healthy older adults. Because macrophage polarization plays a significant role in the repair and maintenance of muscle size and insulin sensitivity, we hypothesized that muscle macrophages would be induced by NMES+PRO and would correspond to an increase in lean mass and an attenuated insulin resistance response altered by bed rest. Older adults (60–80 years old; body mass index < 30 kg/m2) underwent 5 days of bed rest and were randomized to either thrice daily treatment of NMES+PRO (n = 8) or CON (n = 8). Lean mass, insulin sensitivity, and markers of muscle macrophages, inflammation, and connective tissue were determined before and after bed rest. Glucose intolerance and insulin resistance occurred after bed rest but there was not a treatment effect (p > 0.10). Proinflammatory-like macrophages (CD11b+, CD206−) increased (p < 0.05) with NMES+PRO treatment and was different than CON. Minor changes in noncontractile tissue were observed. However, changes in muscle macrophages or extracellular matrix were not related to the preservation of thigh lean mass or insulin resistance. Daily NMES+PRO treatment during bed rest induced a muscle proinflammatory-like macrophage response and was unrelated to muscle size or metabolic function. This study is listed as clinical trial NCT02566590. Novelty Neuromuscular electrical stimulation combined with protein supplementation (NMES+PRO) increased proinflammatory-like macrophages and extracellular matrix content in older adults after bed rest. NMES+PRO changes in macrophages and noncontractile tissue macrophages were not related to muscle size preservation or insulin sensitivity.

中文翻译：

---

卧床休息期间的神经肌肉电刺激和蛋白质增加了 CD11b+ 骨骼肌巨噬细胞，但与肌肉大小或胰岛素敏感性不对应。

应用生理学、营养和代谢，印刷前。
通过这个队列，我们​​之前证明了在健康老年人卧床休息期间通过神经肌肉电刺激结合蛋白质补充（NMES+PRO）治疗可以保存大腿瘦肉组织。由于巨噬细胞极化在肌肉大小和胰岛素敏感性的修复和维持中发挥着重要作用，因此我们假设 NMES+PRO 会诱导肌肉巨噬细胞，并且与瘦体重的增加和卧床休息改变的胰岛素抵抗反应减弱相对应。老年人（60-80 岁；体重指数 < 30 kg/m2）卧床休息 5 天，并随机接受每日三次的 NMES+PRO（n = 8）或 CON（n = 8）治疗。在卧床休息之前和之后测定去脂体重、胰岛素敏感性以及肌肉巨噬细胞、炎症和结缔组织的标记物。卧床休息后出现葡萄糖不耐受和胰岛素抵抗，但没有治疗效果（p > 0.10）。NMES+PRO 治疗后促炎样巨噬细胞 (CD11b+、CD206−) 增加 (p < 0.05)，与 CON 不同。观察到非收缩组织的微小变化。然而，肌肉巨噬细胞或细胞外基质的变化与大腿瘦肉质量或胰岛素抵抗的保留无关。卧床休息期间每日 NMES+PRO 治疗会诱导肌肉促炎样巨噬细胞反应，并且与肌肉大小或代谢功能无关。该研究被列为临床试验NCT02566590。新颖的神经肌肉电刺激结合蛋白质补充（NMES+PRO）增加了老年人卧床休息后促炎样巨噬细胞和细胞外基质的含量。NMES+PRO 巨噬细胞和非收缩组织巨噬细胞的变化与肌肉大小保留或胰岛素敏感性无关。