Abstract

Although studies have shown that post-encoding emotion enhances long-term memory, it is unclear whether the effect varies depending on a specific category of emotion and whether the effect depends on memory strength. In the current study, participants encoded a list of words, half of which were presented once and the remaining half of which were presented four times. Afterwards participants watched a video that was neutral, or induced one of the following emotions: anger, sadness, disgust, fear, or happiness. Overall recognition was lower in the anger-inducing condition than in the sadness-inducing or happiness-inducing condition. Recollection (i.e., adjusted rate of correctly identifying a word as old while being able to retrieve details related to the study episode) was lower in the anger-inducing condition than in the sadness-inducing condition. No significant effect of emotion was found on familiarity (i.e., adjusted rate of correctly identifying a word as old without being able to retrieve any details related to the study episode). Furthermore, memory strength modulated the effect on familiarity: Familiarity for prioritized words was lower than for non-prioritized words only in the “anger” and “sadness” conditions but not in other emotion conditions. The effect of post-encoding emotion differs depending on a specific category of emotion and modulation of memory strength relies on a specific component of recognition memory.

摘要

尽管研究表明编码后的情绪可以增强长期记忆，但这种影响是否因特定情绪类别而异，以及这种影响是否取决于记忆强度尚不清楚。在当前的研究中，参与者编码了一个单词列表，其中一半被呈现一次，剩下的一半被呈现四次。之后，参与者观看了一段中性的视频，或诱发了以下情绪之一：愤怒、悲伤、厌恶、恐惧或快乐。在引发愤怒的条件下，整体认知度低于引发悲伤或引发幸福的条件。回忆（即，在能够检索与研究情节相关的细节的同时正确识别一个单词的调整率）在引发愤怒的条件下比在引发悲伤的条件下要低。没有发现情绪对熟悉度的显着影响（即，在无法检索与研究情节相关的任何细节的情况下正确识别单词的调整率）。此外，记忆强度调节了对熟悉度的影响：仅在“愤怒”和“悲伤”条件下，对优先词的熟悉度低于非优先词，而在其他情绪条件下则不然。编码后情绪的效果因情绪的特定类别而异，记忆强度的调节依赖于识别记忆的特定成分。仅在“愤怒”和“悲伤”条件下，对优先词的熟悉度低于非优先词，而在其他情绪条件下则不然。编码后情绪的效果因情绪的特定类别而异，记忆强度的调节依赖于识别记忆的特定成分。仅在“愤怒”和“悲伤”条件下，对优先词的熟悉度低于非优先词，而在其他情绪条件下则不然。编码后情绪的效果因情绪的特定类别而异，记忆强度的调节依赖于识别记忆的特定成分。