Recent findings show that oxidative damage may contribute to lower urinary tract symptoms. Copper can induce oxidative stress while zinc is involved in the defense against oxidative stress. We examined the associations between serum copper and zinc levels and urinary incontinence (UI) in adult women. Data were retrieved from the 2011-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Outcomes for multivariate logistic regression were any UI (AUI), urge UI (UUI), stress UI (SUI), mixed UI (MUI), and moderate/severe UI. Questions on urinary incontinence were asked by trained interviewers. The weighted UI prevalences were 44.89% for AUI, 28.12% for UUI, 41.64% for SUI, 17.27% for MUI, and 20.79% for moderate/severe UI in adult women. After adjusting for multiple factors, serum copper levels in the highest quartile were associated with UUI [odds ratios (95% confidence intervals): 1.74 (1.11-2.74)]. In women older than 50 years, serum copper levels in the highest quartile were associated with UUI [2.94 (1.57-5.49)], AUI [1.97 (1.19-3.27)], MUI [2.43 (1.19-4.97)], and moderate/severe UI [2.37 (1.06-5.31)]. Serum copper levels in the second quartile were also associated with MUI overall [1.75 (1.03-2.97)] and in young women (20-49 years) [2.29 (1.02-5.17)]. Positive associations were also found between serum copper levels and UUI in non-obese women. There were no associations between serum zinc levels and UI outcomes. Serum copper levels were associated with UUI, MUI, AUI, and moderate/severe UI in adult women, especially women older than 50 years. Causality deserves to be confirmed further.

中文翻译：

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成年女性的血清铜和锌水平与尿失禁。

最近的研究结果表明，氧化损伤可能导致下尿路症状。铜可以诱导氧化应激，而锌则参与对抗氧化应激的防御。我们检查了成年女性血清铜和锌水平与尿失禁 (UI) 之间的关联。数据来自 2011-2016 年国家健康和营养检查调查。多元逻辑回归的结果是任何 UI (AUI)、敦促 UI (UUI)、压力 UI (SUI)、混合 UI (MUI) 和中度/重度 UI。有关尿失禁的问题由训练有素的采访者提出。成年女性 AUI 的加权 UI 患病率为 44.89%，UUI 为 28.12%，SUI 为 41.64%，MUI 为 17.27%，中度/重度 UI 为 20.79%。多因素调整后，最高四分位数的血清铜水平与 UUI 相关 [优势比（95% 置信区间）：1.74 (1.11-2.74)]。在 50 岁以上的女性中，最高四分位数的血清铜水平与 UUI [2.94 (1.57-5.49)]、AUI [1.97 (1.19-3.27)]、MUI [2.43 (1.19-4.97)] 和中度/严重的 UI [2.37 (1.06-5.31)]。第二个四分位数的血清铜水平也与 MUI 总体 [1.75 (1.03-2.97)] 和年轻女性 (20-49 岁) [2.29 (1.02-5.17)] 相关。在非肥胖女性的血清铜水平和 UUI 之间也发现了正相关。血清锌水平与 UI 结果之间没有关联。血清铜水平与成年女性的 UUI、MUI、AUI 和中/重度 UI 相关，尤其是 50 岁以上的女性。因果关系值得进一步确认。