The ecosystem services (ES) approach has been introduced in environmental policies and management to serve as a link between nature and society. Communication, education, and participation actions (CEPA) have the potential to facilitate this link. In this research, we evaluated how CEPA have been implemented in biodiversity conservation projects that consider ES. We used content analysis to review 182 biodiversity conservation projects executed by 33 environmental authorities in Colombia. We also used multiple correspondence analysis and cluster analysis to classify projects on the basis of the purpose of CEPA, type of CEPA, integration of CEPA, ES addressed, main stakeholders, and aim of conservation. We found that five aspects are key to fostering social engagement in environmental management projects: promoting explicit consideration of the ES approaches, increasing conservation efforts focused on the non-material benefits of the ES, integrating different types of CEPA, including overlooked key actors (e.g., indigenous communities and women), and developing and implementing social indicators. These considerations might lead environmental managers to revise their daily practices and, eventually, inform policies that foster an explicit link between CEPA and ES approaches.

中文翻译：

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将生态系统服务纳入哥伦比亚自然保护

生态系统服务（ES）方法已被引入环境政策和管理中，作为自然与社会之间的纽带。沟通、教育和参与行动 (CEPA) 有潜力促进这种联系。在这项研究中，我们评估了 CEPA 在考虑 ES 的生物多样性保护项目中的实施情况。我们使用内容分析审查了哥伦比亚 33 个环境部门执行的 182 个生物多样性保护项目。我们还使用多重对应分析和聚类分析，根据 CEPA 的目的、CEPA 的类型、CEPA 的整合、所涉及的 ES、主要利益相关者和保护目标对项目进行分类。我们发现，五个方面对于促进环境管理项目中的社会参与至关重要：促进对 ES 方法的明确考虑、加强以 ES 的非物质利益为重点的保护工作、整合不同类型的 CEPA，包括被忽视的关键参与者（例如、土著社区和妇女），以及制定和实施社会指标。这些考虑因素可能会导致环境管理者修改他们的日常实践，并最终为促进 CEPA 和 ES 方法之间的明确联系的政策提供信息。