Fluid dynamics have long influenced cells in suspension. Red blood cells and white blood cells are advected through biological microchannels in both the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems and, as a result, are subject to a wide variety of complex fluidic forces as they pass through. In vivo, microfluidic forces influence different biological processes such as the spreading of infection, cancer metastasis, and cell viability, highlighting the importance of fluid dynamics in the blood and lymphatic vessels. This suggests that in vitro devices carrying cell suspensions may influence the viability and functionality of cells. Lab-on-a-chip, flow cytometry, and cell therapies involve cell suspensions flowing through microchannels of approximately 100–800 $\mu$m. This review begins by examining the current fundamental theories and techniques behind the fluidic forces and inertial focusing acting on cells in suspension, before exploring studies that have investigated how these fluidic forces affect the reactions of suspended cells. In light of these studies’ findings, both in vivo and in vitro fluidic cell microenvironments shall also be discussed before concluding with recommendations for the field.

中文翻译：

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限流中平流细胞的机械响应。

流体动力学长期以来一直影响悬浮细胞。红细胞和白细胞通过心血管和淋巴系统中的生物微通道平流输送，因此在通过时会受到各种复杂的流体力的影响。在体内，微流体力影响不同的生物过程，例如感染扩散、癌症转移和细胞活力，凸显了血液和淋巴管中流体动力学的重要性。这表明携带细胞悬浮液的体外装置可能会影响细胞的活力和功能。芯片实验室、流式细胞术和细胞疗法涉及细胞悬浮液流过约 100-800 个微通道 $\mu$米。本综述首先检查作用于悬浮细胞的流体力和惯性聚焦背后的当前基本理论和技术，然后探讨这些流体力如何影响悬浮细胞反应的研究。根据这些研究的结果，在得出该领域的建议之前，还应讨论体内和体外流体细胞微环境。