Pain-related anxiety, defined as fear of pain and pain-related sensations, is a transdiagnostic individual difference factor associated with pain-related problems, addictive disorders, and physical impairment among nonclinical and clinical populations. Pain-related anxiety is most commonly measured using the Pain Anxiety Symptoms Scale-20 (PASS-20). It was hypothesized that the data would provide evidence for a higher order PASS-20 factor structure and this structure would be invariant across race/ethnicity and sex. Therefore, the current study examined measurement invariance of the PASS-20 across a large (n = 3,455) diverse sample (Mage = 21.49, SD = 4.24, 73.7% female, 33.5% Hispanic, 29.3% Asian/Pacific Islander, 22.4% White, and 14.8% Black/African American) of young adults. Results supported measurement invariance across all race/ethnicity and sex groups for the PASS-20 total score, but results were inconsistent for the lower order factors. The PASS-20 total score showed good internal consistency and evidence of convergent and divergent validity with established constructs. These results provide empirical support only for the higher order factor structure of the PASS-20 and support its use across race/ethnicity and sex. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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疼痛焦虑症状量表20：对种族/族裔，性别和痛苦之间的测量不变性进行实证评估。

疼痛相关的焦虑症定义为对疼痛的恐惧和与疼痛相关的感觉，是非临床和临床人群中与疼痛相关的问题，成瘾性疾病和身体障碍相关的一种可诊断的个体差异因素。疼痛相关的焦虑最常使用疼痛焦虑症状量表20（PASS-20）进行测量。假设该数据将为更高阶的PASS-20因子结构提供证据，并且该结构在种族/民族和性别之间是不变的。因此，本研究检查了大型（n = 3,455）多样化样本（法师= 21.49，SD = 4.24，女性73.7％，西班牙裔33.5％，亚洲/太平洋岛民29.3％，白人22.4％）PASS-20的测量不变性和14.8％的黑人/非裔美国人）。结果支持PASS-20总分在所有种族/种族和性别组中的测量不变性，但对于低阶因素，结果不一致。PASS-20总分显示出良好的内部一致性，并具有已建立结构的收敛性和发散性证据。这些结果仅为PASS-20的高阶因子结构提供了经验支持，并支持其在种族/族裔和性别中的使用。（PsycInfo数据库记录（c）2020 APA，保留所有权利）。这些结果仅为PASS-20的高阶因子结构提供了经验支持，并支持其在种族/族裔和性别中的使用。（PsycInfo数据库记录（c）2020 APA，保留所有权利）。这些结果仅为PASS-20的高阶因子结构提供了经验支持，并支持其在种族/族裔和性别中的使用。（PsycInfo数据库记录（c）2020 APA，保留所有权利）。