Type I interferons (IFN-I) are a group of related proteins that help regulate the activity of the immune system and play a key role in host defense against viral infections. Upon infection, the IFN-I are rapidly secreted and induce a wide range of effects that not only act upon innate immune cells but also modulate the adaptive immune system. While IFN-I and many IFN stimulated genes are well-known for their protective antiviral role, recent studies have associated them with potential pathogenic functions. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the complex effects of human IFN-I responses in respiratory as well as reemerging flavivirus infections of public health significance and the molecular mechanisms by which viral proteins antagonize the establishment of an antiviral host defense. Antiviral effects and immune modulation of IFN-stimulated genes is discussed in resisting and controlling pathogens. Understanding the mechanisms of these processes will be crucial in determining how viral replication can be effectively controlled and in developing safe and effective vaccines and novel therapeutic strategies.

中文翻译：

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人I型干扰素在呼吸道和新兴病毒感染中的抗病毒作用。

I型干扰素（IFN-I）是一组相关蛋白，可帮助调节免疫系统的活性并在宿主防御病毒感染中发挥关键作用。感染后，IFN-1会迅速分泌并诱导广泛的作用，这些作用不仅作用于先天免疫细胞，还调节适应性免疫系统。尽管IFN-I和许多IFN刺激的基因因其保护性抗病毒作用而闻名，但最近的研究已将它们与潜在的病原功能相关联。在这篇综述中，我们总结了有关人类IFN-I反应在呼吸系统以及重新出现的黄病毒感染中具有公共卫生意义的复杂影响的当前知识，以及病毒蛋白拮抗抗病毒宿主防御系统的分子机制。在抵抗和控制病原体中讨论了IFN刺激基因的抗病毒作用和免疫调节。了解这些过程的机制对于确定如何有效控制病毒复制以及开发安全有效的疫苗和新颖的治疗策略至关重要。