Ovulation has long been regarded as a process resembling an inflammatory response. Previously, luteinizing hormone (LH) was shown to induce Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR4 in granulosa cells from preovulatory hormone-dependent follicles. However, whether this could already initiate before the hormone-dependent phase is currently unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate TLR genes in human oocytes and granulosa cells from primordial and primary ovarian follicles during the hormone-independent phase. A class-comparison study of existing oocyte and granulosa cell RNA sequencing transcriptomes from primordial (n = 539 follicles) and primary (n = 261) follicles collected from three patients was examined. This revealed a distinct expression pattern of TLR3, TLR4 and TLR5 transcripts. Interestingly, the TLR3 protein was differentially detected in both the oocyte and the granulosa cells in primordial and primary follicles, suggesting that TLR3 is maternally contributed both as mRNA and protein. Intracellularly, the compartmentalized TLR3 dot-like staining in the intersection between the oocyte and the surrounding primordial granulosa cells. The TLR4 protein was detected in both primordial and primary follicles, with a notable staining in the granulosa cells. We functionally challenged ovaries in vitro, by polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) and LPS, known to activate TLR3 and TLR4, respectively, and found a tendency for increased IL-6 production, which was particular evident in the LPS-treated group. Based on the expression of TLRs, it is notably that human primordial and primary follicles express genes that would allow them to respond to innate immune proteins and cytokines during follicle activation.

中文翻译：

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来自原始和初级卵泡的人卵母细胞和颗粒细胞中 TLR 转录物的不同表达模式。

排卵一直被认为是一个类似于炎症反应的过程。以前，黄体生成素 (LH) 已被证明可诱导来自排卵前激素依赖性卵泡的颗粒细胞中的 Toll 样受体 2 (TLR2) 和 TLR4。然而，这是否可以在激素依赖阶段之前就已经开始目前尚不清楚。本研究的目的是研究来自原始和初级卵巢卵泡的人卵母细胞和颗粒细胞在激素非依赖性阶段的 TLR 基因。对从三名患者收集的原始（n = 539 个卵泡）和初级（n = 261 个）卵泡的现有卵母细胞和颗粒细胞 RNA 测序转录组进行了分类比较研究。这揭示了 TLR3、TLR4 和 TLR5 转录物的不同表达模式。有趣的是，在原始卵泡和初级卵泡的卵母细胞和颗粒细胞中检测到 TLR3 蛋白存在差异，这表明 TLR3 以 mRNA 和蛋白质的形式在母系中贡献。在细胞内，在卵母细胞和周围原始颗粒细胞之间的交叉处有区室化的 TLR3 点状染色。在原始卵泡和初级卵泡中均检测到 TLR4 蛋白，颗粒细胞中有显着染色。我们通过聚肌苷酸：聚胞苷酸（poly I：C）和 LPS 在体外对卵巢进行功能性挑战，已知分别激活 TLR3 和 TLR4，并发现 IL-6 产生增加的趋势，这在 LPS 治疗中尤为明显。团体。基于 TLRs 的表达，